Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to answer the following questions.Most sources of illumination generat...

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30 tháng 7 2017 lúc 15:13

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to answer the following questions.Most sources of illumination generate light over an appreciable period, and indeed if an object is lit for a very brief time (1ess that 1/25 second), the human eye will not react in time to see the object. A photographic emulsion - that is, a light-sensitive coating on photographic film, paper, or glass - will, however, record much shorter bursts of light. A photographic ﬂash can therefore be used to capture high...

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Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to answer the following questions.

Most sources of illumination generate light over an appreciable period, and indeed if an object is lit for a very brief time (1ess that 1/25 second), the human eye will not react in time to see the object. A photographic emulsion - that is, a light-sensitive coating on photographic film, paper, or glass - will, however, record much shorter bursts of light. A photographic ﬂash can therefore be used to capture high-speed movement on film as well as to correct deficiencies of the normal surrounding lighting. Photoﬂash is now generated electronically, but the earliest form, ﬁrst used in 1864, was a paper bag containing

magnesium wire and some oxygen-rich substance, such as potassium chlorate. When the bag was ignited, the metal burned with an intense ﬂash. A contemporary observer reported that "this quite unsafe device seems to have done nothing worse that engulf the room in dense smoke and lead to pictures of dubious quality and odd poses.”

The evolution of the photoﬂash was slow, ﬂashbulbs, containing fine wire made of a metal, such as magnesium or aluminum, capable of being ignited in an atmosphere of pure oxygen at low pressure, were introduced only in the 1920's. In the earliest type, the metal was separated from the oxygen by a thin glass bulb. The ﬂash was ﬁred by piercing the bulb and allowing the oxygen to come into contact with the metal, which ignited spontaneously. Later bulbs were fired by an electric battery, which heated the wire by passing a small current through it. Other combinations, such as the pairing of oxygen diﬂuoride with zirconium, have also been used. In each case enough energy is given out to heat the oxidizable metal momentarily to a white hot emission of visible light. The smoke particles are so small that they cool rapidly; but since they are white, they contribute to the brilliance by reﬂecting the light from their still glowing neighbors. A slightly bigger form of the metal will burn for a longer time.

Which of the following is TRUE about the function of the glass in the first ﬂashbulbs?

A. It produced the spark that initiated the ﬂash.

B. It magnified the light produced by the ﬂash.

C. It protected the photographer from the heat of the ﬂash.

D. It kept the metal and oxygen apart before the ﬂash.

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1 tháng 8 2019 lúc 3:07

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to answer the following questions.Most sources of illumination generate light over an appreciable period, and indeed if an object is lit for a very brief time (1ess that 1/25 second), the human eye will not react in time to see the object. A photographic emulsion - that is, a light-sensitive coating on photographic film, paper, or glass - will, however, record much shorter bursts of light. A photographic ﬂash can therefore be used to capture high...

Đọc tiếp

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to answer the following questions.

Most sources of illumination generate light over an appreciable period, and indeed if an object is lit for a very brief time (1ess that 1/25 second), the human eye will not react in time to see the object. A photographic emulsion - that is, a light-sensitive coating on photographic film, paper, or glass - will, however, record much shorter bursts of light. A photographic ﬂash can therefore be used to capture high-speed movement on film as well as to correct deficiencies of the normal surrounding lighting. Photoﬂash is now generated electronically, but the earliest form, ﬁrst used in 1864, was a paper bag containing

magnesium wire and some oxygen-rich substance, such as potassium chlorate. When the bag was ignited, the metal burned with an intense ﬂash. A contemporary observer reported that "this quite unsafe device seems to have done nothing worse that engulf the room in dense smoke and lead to pictures of dubious quality and odd poses.”

The evolution of the photoﬂash was slow, ﬂashbulbs, containing fine wire made of a metal, such as magnesium or aluminum, capable of being ignited in an atmosphere of pure oxygen at low pressure, were introduced only in the 1920's. In the earliest type, the metal was separated from the oxygen by a thin glass bulb. The ﬂash was ﬁred by piercing the bulb and allowing the oxygen to come into contact with the metal, which ignited spontaneously. Later bulbs were fired by an electric battery, which heated the wire by passing a small current through it. Other combinations, such as the pairing of oxygen diﬂuoride with zirconium, have also been used. In each case enough energy is given out to heat the oxidizable metal momentarily to a white hot emission of visible light. The smoke particles are so small that they cool rapidly; but since they are white, they contribute to the brilliance by reﬂecting the light from their still glowing neighbors. A slightly bigger form of the metal will burn for a longer time.

The word "ignited" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______.

A. set on fire

B. cut into

C. opened

D. shaken

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7 tháng 1 2018 lúc 3:36

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to answer the following questions.Most sources of illumination generate light over an appreciable period, and indeed if an object is lit for a very brief time (1ess that 1/25 second), the human eye will not react in time to see the object. A photographic emulsion - that is, a light-sensitive coating on photographic film, paper, or glass - will, however, record much shorter bursts of light. A photographic ﬂash can therefore be used to capture high...

Đọc tiếp

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to answer the following questions.

Most sources of illumination generate light over an appreciable period, and indeed if an object is lit for a very brief time (1ess that 1/25 second), the human eye will not react in time to see the object. A photographic emulsion - that is, a light-sensitive coating on photographic film, paper, or glass - will, however, record much shorter bursts of light. A photographic ﬂash can therefore be used to capture high-speed movement on film as well as to correct deficiencies of the normal surrounding lighting. Photoﬂash is now generated electronically, but the earliest form, ﬁrst used in 1864, was a paper bag containing

magnesium wire and some oxygen-rich substance, such as potassium chlorate. When the bag was ignited, the metal burned with an intense ﬂash. A contemporary observer reported that "this quite unsafe device seems to have done nothing worse that engulf the room in dense smoke and lead to pictures of dubious quality and odd poses.”

The evolution of the photoﬂash was slow, ﬂashbulbs, containing fine wire made of a metal, such as magnesium or aluminum, capable of being ignited in an atmosphere of pure oxygen at low pressure, were introduced only in the 1920's. In the earliest type, the metal was separated from the oxygen by a thin glass bulb. The ﬂash was ﬁred by piercing the bulb and allowing the oxygen to come into contact with the metal, which ignited spontaneously. Later bulbs were fired by an electric battery, which heated the wire by passing a small current through it. Other combinations, such as the pairing of oxygen diﬂuoride with zirconium, have also been used. In each case enough energy is given out to heat the oxidizable metal momentarily to a white hot emission of visible light. The smoke particles are so small that they cool rapidly; but since they are white, they contribute to the brilliance by reﬂecting the light from their still glowing neighbors. A slightly bigger form of the metal will burn for a longer time.

What is the best title for the passage?

A. The history of the photoﬂash

B. Theories about how the eye reacts to light

C. The technology of modern photography

D. The dangers of using the early photoﬂash

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Lê Quỳnh Anh

24 tháng 1 2018 lúc 7:38

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to answer the following questions.Most sources of illumination generate light over an appreciable period, and indeed if an object is lit for a very brief time (1ess that 1/25 second), the human eye will not react in time to see the object. A photographic emulsion - that is, a light-sensitive coating on photographic film, paper, or glass - will, however, record much shorter bursts of light. A photographic ﬂash can therefore be used to capture high...

Đọc tiếp

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to answer the following questions.

Most sources of illumination generate light over an appreciable period, and indeed if an object is lit for a very brief time (1ess that 1/25 second), the human eye will not react in time to see the object. A photographic emulsion - that is, a light-sensitive coating on photographic film, paper, or glass - will, however, record much shorter bursts of light. A photographic ﬂash can therefore be used to capture high-speed movement on film as well as to correct deficiencies of the normal surrounding lighting. Photoﬂash is now generated electronically, but the earliest form, ﬁrst used in 1864, was a paper bag containing

magnesium wire and some oxygen-rich substance, such as potassium chlorate. When the bag was ignited, the metal burned with an intense ﬂash. A contemporary observer reported that "this quite unsafe device seems to have done nothing worse that engulf the room in dense smoke and lead to pictures of dubious quality and odd poses.”

The evolution of the photoﬂash was slow, ﬂashbulbs, containing fine wire made of a metal, such as magnesium or aluminum, capable of being ignited in an atmosphere of pure oxygen at low pressure, were introduced only in the 1920's. In the earliest type, the metal was separated from the oxygen by a thin glass bulb. The ﬂash was ﬁred by piercing the bulb and allowing the oxygen to come into contact with the metal, which ignited spontaneously. Later bulbs were fired by an electric battery, which heated the wire by passing a small current through it. Other combinations, such as the pairing of oxygen diﬂuoride with zirconium, have also been used. In each case enough energy is given out to heat the oxidizable metal momentarily to a white hot emission of visible light. The smoke particles are so small that they cool rapidly; but since they are white, they contribute to the brilliance by reﬂecting the light from their still glowing neighbors. A slightly bigger form of the metal will burn for a longer time.

The word "momentarily" in paragraph 2 is closet in meaning to ______.

A. effortlessly

B. brieﬂy

C. electronically

D. gradually

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21 tháng 8 2017 lúc 13:05

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to answer the following questions.Most sources of illumination generate light over an appreciable period, and indeed if an object is lit for a very brief time (1ess that 1/25 second), the human eye will not react in time to see the object. A photographic emulsion - that is, a light-sensitive coating on photographic film, paper, or glass - will, however, record much shorter bursts of light. A photographic ﬂash can therefore be used to capture high...

Đọc tiếp

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to answer the following questions.

Most sources of illumination generate light over an appreciable period, and indeed if an object is lit for a very brief time (1ess that 1/25 second), the human eye will not react in time to see the object. A photographic emulsion - that is, a light-sensitive coating on photographic film, paper, or glass - will, however, record much shorter bursts of light. A photographic ﬂash can therefore be used to capture high-speed movement on film as well as to correct deficiencies of the normal surrounding lighting. Photoﬂash is now generated electronically, but the earliest form, ﬁrst used in 1864, was a paper bag containing

magnesium wire and some oxygen-rich substance, such as potassium chlorate. When the bag was ignited, the metal burned with an intense ﬂash. A contemporary observer reported that "this quite unsafe device seems to have done nothing worse that engulf the room in dense smoke and lead to pictures of dubious quality and odd poses.”

The evolution of the photoﬂash was slow, ﬂashbulbs, containing fine wire made of a metal, such as magnesium or aluminum, capable of being ignited in an atmosphere of pure oxygen at low pressure, were introduced only in the 1920's. In the earliest type, the metal was separated from the oxygen by a thin glass bulb. The ﬂash was ﬁred by piercing the bulb and allowing the oxygen to come into contact with the metal, which ignited spontaneously. Later bulbs were fired by an electric battery, which heated the wire by passing a small current through it. Other combinations, such as the pairing of oxygen diﬂuoride with zirconium, have also been used. In each case enough energy is given out to heat the oxidizable metal momentarily to a white hot emission of visible light. The smoke particles are so small that they cool rapidly; but since they are white, they contribute to the brilliance by reﬂecting the light from their still glowing neighbors. A slightly bigger form of the metal will burn for a longer time.

Which of the following most accurately reﬂects the main idea of the last paragraph?

A. The time when photoﬂash was first used.

B. How metal burns in an atmosphere of pure oxygen.

C. How early photoﬂash worked.

D. The role of glass in ﬂashbulb.

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23 tháng 8 2019 lúc 3:49

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to answer the following questions.Most sources of illumination generate light over an appreciable period, and indeed if an object is lit for a very brief time (1ess that 1/25 second), the human eye will not react in time to see the object. A photographic emulsion - that is, a light-sensitive coating on photographic film, paper, or glass - will, however, record much shorter bursts of light. A photographic ﬂash can therefore be used to capture high...

Đọc tiếp

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to answer the following questions.

Most sources of illumination generate light over an appreciable period, and indeed if an object is lit for a very brief time (1ess that 1/25 second), the human eye will not react in time to see the object. A photographic emulsion - that is, a light-sensitive coating on photographic film, paper, or glass - will, however, record much shorter bursts of light. A photographic ﬂash can therefore be used to capture high-speed movement on film as well as to correct deficiencies of the normal surrounding lighting. Photoﬂash is now generated electronically, but the earliest form, ﬁrst used in 1864, was a paper bag containing

magnesium wire and some oxygen-rich substance, such as potassium chlorate. When the bag was ignited, the metal burned with an intense ﬂash. A contemporary observer reported that "this quite unsafe device seems to have done nothing worse that engulf the room in dense smoke and lead to pictures of dubious quality and odd poses.”

The evolution of the photoﬂash was slow, ﬂashbulbs, containing fine wire made of a metal, such as magnesium or aluminum, capable of being ignited in an atmosphere of pure oxygen at low pressure, were introduced only in the 1920's. In the earliest type, the metal was separated from the oxygen by a thin glass bulb. The ﬂash was ﬁred by piercing the bulb and allowing the oxygen to come into contact with the metal, which ignited spontaneously. Later bulbs were fired by an electric battery, which heated the wire by passing a small current through it. Other combinations, such as the pairing of oxygen diﬂuoride with zirconium, have also been used. In each case enough energy is given out to heat the oxidizable metal momentarily to a white hot emission of visible light. The smoke particles are so small that they cool rapidly; but since they are white, they contribute to the brilliance by reﬂecting the light from their still glowing neighbors. A slightly bigger form of the metal will burn for a longer time.

According to the passage, what helps a ﬂashbulb burn longer?

A. thicker wire

B. more oxygen

C. thinner glass

D. continuous electricity

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23 tháng 11 2019 lúc 14:26

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to answer the following questions.Most sources of illumination generate light over an appreciable period, and indeed if an object is lit for a very brief time (1ess that 1/25 second), the human eye will not react in time to see the object. A photographic emulsion - that is, a light-sensitive coating on photographic film, paper, or glass - will, however, record much shorter bursts of light. A photographic ﬂash can therefore be used to capture high...

Đọc tiếp

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to answer the following questions.

Most sources of illumination generate light over an appreciable period, and indeed if an object is lit for a very brief time (1ess that 1/25 second), the human eye will not react in time to see the object. A photographic emulsion - that is, a light-sensitive coating on photographic film, paper, or glass - will, however, record much shorter bursts of light. A photographic ﬂash can therefore be used to capture high-speed movement on film as well as to correct deficiencies of the normal surrounding lighting. Photoﬂash is now generated electronically, but the earliest form, ﬁrst used in 1864, was a paper bag containing

magnesium wire and some oxygen-rich substance, such as potassium chlorate. When the bag was ignited, the metal burned with an intense ﬂash. A contemporary observer reported that "this quite unsafe device seems to have done nothing worse that engulf the room in dense smoke and lead to pictures of dubious quality and odd poses.”

The evolution of the photoﬂash was slow, ﬂashbulbs, containing fine wire made of a metal, such as magnesium or aluminum, capable of being ignited in an atmosphere of pure oxygen at low pressure, were introduced only in the 1920's. In the earliest type, the metal was separated from the oxygen by a thin glass bulb. The ﬂash was ﬁred by piercing the bulb and allowing the oxygen to come into contact with the metal, which ignited spontaneously. Later bulbs were fired by an electric battery, which heated the wire by passing a small current through it. Other combinations, such as the pairing of oxygen diﬂuoride with zirconium, have also been used. In each case enough energy is given out to heat the oxidizable metal momentarily to a white hot emission of visible light. The smoke particles are so small that they cool rapidly; but since they are white, they contribute to the brilliance by reﬂecting the light from their still glowing neighbors. A slightly bigger form of the metal will burn for a longer time.

The word "it" in paragraph 2 refers to _____.

A. oxygen

B. battery

C. wire

D. current

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16 tháng 11 2018 lúc 4:44

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42. Light from a living plant or animal is called bioluminescence, or cold light, to distinguish it from incandescence or heat-generating light. Life forms could not produce incandescent light without being burned. Their light is produced in chemicals combining in such a way that little or no measurable heat is produced, and the life forms generating it are unharmed. Alt...

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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

Light from a living plant or animal is called bioluminescence, or cold light, to distinguish it from incandescence or heat-generating light. Life forms could not produce incandescent light without being burned. Their light is produced in chemicals combining in such a way that little or no measurable heat is produced, and the life forms generating it are unharmed. Although bioluminescence is a relatively complicated process, it can be reduced to simple terms. Living light occurs when luciferin and oxygen combine in the presence of luciferase. In a few cases, ﬁreﬂies the most common, an additional compound called ATP is required.

The earliest recorded experiments with bioluminescence in the late 1800s are attributed to Raphael Dubois, who extracted a luminous ﬂuid from a clam, observing that it continued to glow in the test tube for several minutes. He named the substance luciferin, which means “the bearer of life”. In further research, Dubois discovered that several chemicals were required for bioluminescence to occur. In his notes, it was recorded that a second important substance, which he called luciferase, was always present. In later study of small, luminous sea creatures, Newton Harley concluded that luciferin was composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, which are the building blocks of all living cells. He also proved that there are a variety of luciferin and luciferase, speciﬁc to the plants and animals that produce them.

Much remains unknown, but many scientists who are studying bioluminescence now believe that the origin of the phenomenon may be traced to a time when there was no oxygen in the Earth’s atmosphere. When oxygen was gradually introduced to the atmosphere, it was actually poisonous to life forms, plants and animals produced light to use up the oxygen in a gradual but necessary adaptation. It is speculated that millions of years ago, all life may have produced light to survive. As the millennia passed, life forms on Earth became tolerant of, and ﬁnally dependent on oxygen, and the adaptation that produced bioluminescence was no longer necessary, but some primitive plants and animals continued to use the light for new functions such as mating or attracting prey.

Question 41: Bioluminescence is described as all of the following EXCEPT ______.

A. a complex chemicals process

B. an adaptation of early plants and animals to the environment

C. a form of cold light

D. a poisonous substance

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22 tháng 2 2019 lúc 12:27

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42. Light from a living plant or animal is called bioluminescence, or cold light, to distinguish it from incandescence or heat-generating light. Life forms could not produce incandescent light without being burned. Their light is produced in chemicals combining in such a way that little or no measurable heat is produced, and the life forms generating it are unharmed. Alt...

Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

Light from a living plant or animal is called bioluminescence, or cold light, to distinguish it from incandescence or heat-generating light. Life forms could not produce incandescent light without being burned. Their light is produced in chemicals combining in such a way that little or no measurable heat is produced, and the life forms generating it are unharmed. Although bioluminescence is a relatively complicated process, it can be reduced to simple terms. Living light occurs when luciferin and oxygen combine in the presence of luciferase. In a few cases, ﬁreﬂies the most common, an additional compound called ATP is required.

The earliest recorded experiments with bioluminescence in the late 1800s are attributed to Raphael Dubois, who extracted a luminous ﬂuid from a clam, observing that it continued to glow in the test tube for several minutes. He named the substance luciferin, which means “the bearer of life”. In further research, Dubois discovered that several chemicals were required for bioluminescence to occur. In his notes, it was recorded that a second important substance, which he called luciferase, was always present. In later study of small, luminous sea creatures, Newton Harley concluded that luciferin was composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, which are the building blocks of all living cells. He also proved that there are a variety of luciferin and luciferase, speciﬁc to the plants and animals that produce them.

Much remains unknown, but many scientists who are studying bioluminescence now believe that the origin of the phenomenon may be traced to a time when there was no oxygen in the Earth’s atmosphere. When oxygen was gradually introduced to the atmosphere, it was actually poisonous to life forms, plants and animals produced light to use up the oxygen in a gradual but necessary adaptation. It is speculated that millions of years ago, all life may have produced light to survive. As the millennia passed, life forms on Earth became tolerant of, and ﬁnally dependent on oxygen, and the adaptation that produced bioluminescence was no longer necessary, but some primitive plants and animals continued to use the light for new functions such as mating or attracting prey.

Question 36: Which of the following is the main topic of the passage?

A. Cold light

B. Luciferase

C. Primitive plants and animals

D. Earth’s atmosphere

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