Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.
Perhaps the most striking quality of satiric literature is its freshness and its originality of perspective. Satire itself, however, rarely offers original ideas. Instead, it presents the familiar in a new form. Satirists do not offer the world new philosophies. What they do is look at familiar conditions from a perspective that makes these conditions seem foolish, harmful, or affected. Satire jars us out of complacence into a pleasantly shocked realization that many of the values we unquestioningly accept are false.
Don Quixote makes chivalry seem absurd; Brave New World ridicules the pretensions of science; A Modest Proposal dramatizes starvation by advocating cannibalism. None of these ideas is original. Chivalry was suspect before Cervantes, humanists objected to the claims of pure science before Aldous Huxley, and people were aware of famine before Swift.
It was not the originality of the idea that made these satires popular. It was the manner of expression, the satiric method, that made them interesting and entertaining. Satires are read because they are aesthetically satisfying works of art, not because they are morally wholesome or ethically instructive. They are stimulating and refreshing because with commonsense briskness they brush away illusions and secondhand opinions. With spontaneous irreverence, satire rearranges perspectives, scrambles familiar objects into incongruous juxtaposition, and speaks in a personal idiom instead of abstract platitude.
Satire exists because there is need for it. It has lived because readers appreciate a refreshing stimulus, an irreverent reminder that they live in a world of platitudinous thinking, cheap moralizing, and foolish philosophy. Satire serves to prod people into an awareness of truth, though rarely to any action on behalf of truth. Satire tends to remind people that much of what they see, hear, and read in popular media is sanctimonious, sentimental, and only partially true. Life resembles in only a slight degree the popular image of it.
Which of the following can be found in satiric literature?
A. Newly emerging philosophies.
B. Odd combinations of objects and ideas.
C. Abstract discussion of morals and ethics.
D. Wholesome characters who are unselfish.
Đáp án B.
Key words: found in satiric literature
Clue: satire rearranges perspectives, scrambles familiar objects into incongruous juxtaposition: văn trào phúng sắp xếp lại những khía cạnh, đặt những đối tượng quen thuộc cạnh nhau một cách không thích hợp
Vậy đáp án chính xác là B. Odd combinations of objects and ideas: sự kết hợp kỳ lạ của những đối tượng và ý tưởng
Các đáp án còn lại là sai:
A. Newly emerging philosophies: những triết lý mới xuất hiện
C. Abstract discussion of morals and ethics: sự thảo luận trừu tượng về đạo đức và đạo lý
D. Wholesome characters who are unselfish: những nhân vật tốt không ích kỷ