Bài 7: Phương trình quy về phương trình bậc hai

\(1,\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}10x+5y=50\\10x-6y=6\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}10x+5y-10x+6y=50-6\\2x+y=10\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}11y=44\\2x+y=10\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=4\\2x+4=10\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=4\\x=3\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(3,\Delta=b^2-4ac=\left(-2\right)^2-4.3.\left(-1\right)=16>0\)

\(\Rightarrow\)Pt có 2 nghiệm pb

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_1=\dfrac{-b+\sqrt{\Delta}}{2a}=\dfrac{2+4}{6}=1\\x_2=\dfrac{-b-\sqrt{\Delta}}{2a}=\dfrac{2-4}{6}=-\dfrac{1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+8+5x\right)\left(x^2+8+6x\right)=2x^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+8\right)^2+11x\left(x^2+8\right)+30x^2-2x^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+8\right)^2+11x\left(x^2+8\right)+28x^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+4x+8\right)\left(x^2+7x+8\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+7x+8=0\)

\(\text{Δ}=49-32=17>0\)

Do đó: Phương trình có hai nghiệm phân biệt là:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_1=\dfrac{-7-\sqrt{17}}{2}\\x_2=\dfrac{-7+\sqrt{17}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Đặt \(\dfrac{x}{\sqrt{4x-1}}=a\)

Theo đề, ta có phương trình:

a+1/a=2

\(\Leftrightarrow a+\dfrac{1}{a}=2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2+1-2a}{a}=0\)

=>a=1

=>\(x=\sqrt{4x-1}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2=4x-1\\x>=\dfrac{1}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-2\right)^2=3\\x>=\dfrac{1}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x\in\left\{2+\sqrt{3};2-\sqrt{3}\right\}\)

ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge-\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(2x^2+4x+3=3\sqrt{\left(x^2+x+1\right)\left(2x+1\right)}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x^2+x+1\right)+\left(2x+1\right)-3\sqrt{\left(x^2+x+1\right)\left(2x+1\right)}=0\)

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^2+x+1}=a>0\\\sqrt{2x+1}=b\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow2a^2+b^2-3ab=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(2a-b\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=b\\2a=b\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^2+x+1}=\sqrt{2x+1}\\2\sqrt{x^2+x+1}=\sqrt{2x+1}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2+x+1=2x+1\\4\left(x^2+x+1\right)=2x+1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow...\)

Lời giải:
Để pt có 2 nghiệm thì:
$\Delta'=(m^2+2m)^2-(m^2+7)\geq 0$

$\Leftrightarrow m^4+4m^3+3m^2-7\geq 0(*)$
Áp dụng định lý Viet:

$x_1+x_2=2m(m+2)$

$x_1x_2=m^2+7$

Khi đó:

$x_1x_2-2(x_1+x_2)=4$

$\Leftrightarrow m^2+7-4m(m+2)=4$

$\Leftrightarrow -3m^2-8m+3=0$

$\Leftrightarrow (1-3m)(m+3)=0$

$\Leftrightarrow m=\frac{1}{3}$ hoặc $m=-3$

Thử lại với $(*)$ thấy đều không thỏa mãn

Vậy không tồn tại $m$ thỏa mãn đkđb

Lời giải:

Gọi vận tốc xe máy là $a$ km/h thì vận tốc ô tô là $a+50$ km/h
Thời gian xe máy đi đến B: $\frac{AB}{a}=\frac{160}{a}$ (h) 

Thời gian xe ô tô đi đến B: $\frac{AB}{a+50}=\frac{160}{a+50}$ (h) 

Theo đề thì ô tô đi sau xe máy $10h20'-7h=3h20'=\frac{10}{3}$ h, do đó thời gian ô tô đi đến B ít hơn thời gian xe máy đi đến B $\frac{10}{3}$ h 

Tức là: $\frac{160}{a}-\frac{160}{a+50}=\frac{10}{3}$

Giải pt trên kết hợp điều kiện $a>0$ suy ra $a=30$ (km/h) 

Vậy vận tốc xe máy là $30$ km/h

Tham khảo

https://hoc24.vn/cau-hoi/cho-tam-giac-abc-nhon-noi-tiep-duong-tron-o-tren-canh-bc-lay-diem-d-sao-cho-abc-cad-k-la-duong-tron-noi-tiep-tam-giac-adc-e-la-chan-duong-p.205346682394

Bài 7:

a: ĐKXĐ: \(x\notin\left\{\dfrac{1}{2};-5\right\}\)

\(\dfrac{x+5}{2x-1}-\dfrac{1-2x}{x+5}-2=0\)

=>\(\dfrac{x+5}{2x-1}+\dfrac{2x-1}{x+5}-2=0\)

=>\(\dfrac{\left(x+5\right)^2+\left(2x-1\right)^2}{\left(2x-1\right)\left(x+5\right)}=2\)

=>\(\left(x+5\right)^2+\left(2x-1\right)^2=2\left(2x-1\right)\left(x+5\right)\)

=>\(x^2+10x+25+4x^2-4x+1=2\left(2x^2+10x-x-5\right)\)

=>\(5x^2+6x+26-4x^2-18x+10=0\)

=>\(x^2-12x+36=0\)

=>\(\left(x-6\right)^2=0\)

=>x-6=0

=>x=6(nhận)

b: ĐKXĐ: \(x\notin\left\{3;-2;4\right\}\)

\(1-\dfrac{8}{x-4}=\dfrac{5}{3-x}-\dfrac{8-x}{x+2}\)

=>\(\dfrac{x-4-8}{x-4}=\dfrac{-5}{x-3}+\dfrac{x-8}{x+2}\)

=>\(\dfrac{x-12}{x-4}=\dfrac{-5\left(x+2\right)+\left(x-8\right)\left(x-3\right)}{\left(x-3\right)\left(x+2\right)}\)

=>\(\dfrac{x-12}{x-4}=\dfrac{-5x-10+x^2-11x+24}{\left(x-3\right)\left(x+2\right)}\)

=>\(\left(x-12\right)\left(x^2-x-6\right)=\left(x-4\right)\left(x^2-16x+14\right)\)

=>\(x^3-x^2-6x-12x^2+12x+72=x^3-16x^2+14x-4x^2+64x-56\)

=>\(-13x^2+6x+72=-20x^2+78x-56\)

=>\(7x^2-72x+128=0\)

=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=8\left(nhận\right)\\x=\dfrac{16}{7}\left(nhận\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

c: ĐKXĐ: \(x\notin\left\{2;-2\right\}\)

\(\dfrac{x-1}{x+2}+\dfrac{2}{x-2}=\dfrac{12}{x^2-4}\)

=>\(\dfrac{x-1}{x+2}+\dfrac{2}{x-2}=\dfrac{12}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)}\)

=>\(\dfrac{\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)+2\left(x+2\right)}{\left(x+2\right)\left(x-2\right)}=\dfrac{12}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)}\)

=>\(x^2-3x+2+2x+4=12\)

=>\(x^2-x-6=0\)

=>(x-3)(x+2)=0

=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=3\left(nhận\right)\\x=-2\left(loại\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

a) \(B=\dfrac{\sqrt{25}+3}{\sqrt{25}+1}=\dfrac{5+3}{5+1}=\dfrac{8}{6}=\dfrac{4}{3}\)

b) \(A=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)+\sqrt{x}-1-3\sqrt{x}}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}=\dfrac{x+2\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{x}-1-3\sqrt{x}}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x+2}\right)}=\dfrac{x-1}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}+2}\)

a: \(\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(9x^2-4\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(3x-2\right)\left(3x+2\right)=0\)

hay \(x\in\left\{0;\dfrac{2}{3};-\dfrac{2}{3}\right\}\)

b: \(\Leftrightarrow2x^4-4x^2+3x^2-6=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2=0\)

hay \(x\in\left\{\sqrt{2};-\sqrt{2}\right\}\)

d: \(\Leftrightarrow x^4-9x^2+6x^2-54=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-9=0\)

=>x=3 hoặc x=-3