Phương trình bậc nhất một ẩn và cách giải

\(\left(3x-1\right)^2-5\left(6x-3\right)\left(2x+1\right)=\left(x-1\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow9x^2-6x+1-5\left(12x^2+6x-6x-3\right)-\left(x-1\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow9x^2-6x+1-60x^2-30x+30x+15-x^2+2x-1=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-52x^2-4x+15=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow52x^2+4x-15=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow52x^2-26x+30x-15=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow26x\left(2x-1\right)+15\left(2x-1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-1\right)\left(26x+15\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x-1=0\\26x+15=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{1}{2}\\x=-\dfrac{15}{26}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy phương trình có tập nghiệm là:  \(S=\left\{\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{15}{26}\right\}\)

\(7+\dfrac{5x}{3}=x-2\\ \Leftrightarrow21+5x=3x-6\\ \Leftrightarrow5x-3x=-6-21\\ \Leftrightarrow2x=-27\\ \Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{27}{2}\)

\(...\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a+b+c-3x}{a}+\dfrac{a+b+c-3x}{b}+\dfrac{a+b+c-3x}{c}=\dfrac{54x-3\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c-3x\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)=\dfrac{54x-3\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+c-3x=\dfrac{54x-3\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}.\dfrac{abc}{ab+bc+ca}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+c-3x=\dfrac{54xabc}{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}-\dfrac{3abc}{ab+bc+ca}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(\dfrac{54abc}{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}+3\right)=a+b+c+\dfrac{3abc}{ab+bc+ca}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{a+b+c+\dfrac{3abc}{ab+bc+ca}}{\dfrac{54abc}{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+3}}\).

ĐK: m²-2\(\ne0\)

<=> m\(\ne\pm\sqrt{2}\)

Để phương trình \(\left(m^2-2\right)x=5\) là phương trình bậc nhất một ẩn thì \(m^2-2\ne0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow m^2\ne2\)

hay \(m\notin\left\{\sqrt{2};-\sqrt{2}\right\}\)

Vậy: Để phương trình \(\left(m^2-2\right)x=5\) là phương trình bậc nhất một ẩn thì \(m\notin\left\{\sqrt{2};-\sqrt{2}\right\}\)

a) Ta có: \(\left(x^2-5x\right)^2+10\left(x^2-5x\right)+24=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-5x\right)^2+4\left(x^2-5x\right)+6\left(x^2-5x\right)+24=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-5x\right)\left(x^2-5x+4\right)+6\left(x^2-5x+4\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-5x+6\right)\left(x^2-5x+4\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-2x-3x+6\right)\left(x^2-x-4x+4\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[x\left(x-2\right)-3\left(x-2\right)\right]\left[x\left(x-1\right)-4\left(x-1\right)\right]=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)\left(x-3\right)\left(x-4\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-1=0\\x-2=0\\x-3=0\\x-4=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=2\\x=3\\x=4\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy: S={1;2;3;4}

b) Ta có: \(\left(2x+1\right)^2-2x-1=2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x+1\right)^2-\left(2x+1\right)-2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x+1\right)^2-2\left(2x+1\right)+\left(2x+1\right)-2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x+1\right)\left(2x+1-2\right)+\left(2x+1-2\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x+1+1\right)\left(2x-1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x+2\right)\left(2x-1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x+2=0\\2x-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x=-2\\2x=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\x=\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy: \(S=\left\{-1;\dfrac{1}{2}\right\}\)

c) Ta có: \(x\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)-6=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x^3-x^2+x-x^2+x-1\right)-6=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x^3-2x^2+2x-1\right)-6=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^4-2x^3+2x^2-x-6=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^4-2x^3+2x^2-4x+3x-6=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^3\left(x-2\right)+2x\left(x-2\right)+3\left(x-2\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x^3+2x+3\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x^3-x+3x+3\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left[x\left(x^2-1\right)+3\left(x+1\right)\right]=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left[x\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)+3\left(x+1\right)\right]=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+3\right)=0\)

mà \(x^2-x+3>0\forall x\)

nên (x-2)(x+1)=0

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-2=0\\x+1=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy: S={2;-1}

d) Ta có: \(\left(x^2+1\right)^2+3x\left(x^2+1\right)+2x^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+1\right)^2+2x\left(x^2+1\right)+x\left(x^2+1\right)+2x^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+1\right)\left(x^2+1+2x\right)+x\left(x^2+1+2x\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)^2\cdot\left(x^2+x+1\right)=0\)

mà \(x^2+x+1>0\forall x\)

nên x+1=0

hay x=-1

Vậy: S={-1}

a) Ta có: \(x^3+x^2+x+1=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(x+1\right)+\left(x+1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2+1\right)=0\)

mà \(x^2+1>0\forall x\)

nên x+1=0

hay x=-1

Vậy: S={-1}

b) Ta có: \(x^3-6x^2+11x-6=0\) 

\(\Leftrightarrow x^3-x^2-5x^2+5x+6x-6=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(x-1\right)-5x\left(x-1\right)+6\left(x-1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2-5x+6\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)\left(x-3\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-1=0\\x-2=0\\x-3=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=2\\x=3\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy: S={1;2;3}

c) Ta có: \(x^3-x^2-21x+45=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^3-3x^2+2x^2-6x-15x+45=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(x-3\right)+2x\left(x-3\right)-15\left(x-3\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)\left(x^2+2x-15\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)\left(x^2+5x-3x-15\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)^2\cdot\left(x+5\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-3=0\\x+5=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\x=-5\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy: S={3;-5}

d) Ta có: \(x^4+2x^3-4x^2-5x-6=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^4-2x^3+4x^3-8x^2+4x^2-8x+3x-6=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^3\left(x-2\right)+4x^2\cdot\left(x-2\right)+4x\left(x-2\right)+3\left(x-2\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x^3+4x^2+4x+3\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x^3+3x^2+x^2+4x+3\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left[x^2\left(x+3\right)+\left(x+1\right)\left(x+3\right)\right]=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x+3\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)=0\)

mà \(x^2+x+1>0\forall x\)

nên (x-2)(x+3)=0

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-2=0\\x+3=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy: S={2;-3}

1) gọi hai số là x và y

ta có x + y = 65; x - y = 11

=> x = (65 + 11): 2 = 38

=> y = 38 - 11 = 27

2) gọi hai số là x và y

ta có x + y = 75 và x = 2y

=> 2y + y = 3y = 75

=> y = 25; x = 50

bài 3 mk chỉ bt số đó là số 75 còn cách làm chi tiết thì mk ko bt