Ôn tập: Phân thức đại số

\(\dfrac{x+1}{x+2}:\left(\dfrac{x+2}{x+3}:\dfrac{x+3}{x+1}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{x+1}{x+2}:\dfrac{\left(x+2\right)\left(x+1\right)}{\left(x+3\right)^2}=\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)\left(x+3\right)^2}{\left(x+2\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+1\right)}=\dfrac{\left(x+3\right)^2}{\left(x+2\right)^2}\)

a) \(\left(\dfrac{3x}{1-3x}+\dfrac{2x}{3x+1}\right):\dfrac{6x^2+10x}{9x^2-6x+1}\)

\(=-\dfrac{9x^2+3x+2x-6x^2}{\left(3x-1\right)\left(3x+1\right)}.\dfrac{\left(3x-1\right)^2}{2x\left(3x+5\right)}\)

\(=-\dfrac{x\left(3x+5\right)}{\left(3x-1\right)^2}.\dfrac{\left(3x-1\right)^2}{2x\left(3x+5\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{-1}{2}\)

b) \(\left(\dfrac{9}{x^3-9x}+\dfrac{1}{x+3}\right):\left(\dfrac{x-3}{x^2+3x}-\dfrac{x}{3x+9}\right)\)

\(=\left(\dfrac{9+x^2-3x}{x\left(x-3\right)\left(x+3\right)}\right):\left(\dfrac{3x-9-x^2}{3x\left(x+3\right)}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{x^2-3x+9}{x\left(x-3\right)\left(x+3\right)}.\dfrac{3x\left(x+3\right)}{-x^2+3x-9}\)

\(=\dfrac{x^2-3x+9}{x-3}.\dfrac{3}{-\left(x^2-3x+9\right)}\)

\(=-\dfrac{3}{x-3}\)

* Ta có:

\(\dfrac{a}{x}+\dfrac{b}{y}+\dfrac{c}{z}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{axy}{xyz}+\dfrac{bxz}{xyz}+\dfrac{cxy}{xyz}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{ayz+bxz+cxy}{xyz}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow ayz+bxz+cxy=0\)

* Ta có:

\(\dfrac{x}{a}+\dfrac{y}{b}+\dfrac{z}{c}=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{x}{a}+\dfrac{y}{b}+\dfrac{z}{c}\right)^2=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\dfrac{xy}{ab}+2\dfrac{xz}{ac}+2\dfrac{yz}{bc}=1\)\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\left(\dfrac{xy}{ab}+\dfrac{xz}{ac}+\dfrac{yz}{bc}\right)=1\)\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{b^2}+2\left(\dfrac{cxy}{abc}+\dfrac{bxz}{abc}+\dfrac{ayz}{abc}\right)=1\)\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\left(\dfrac{cxy+bxz+ayz}{abc}\right)=1\)Mà \(cxy+bxz+ayz=0\)

\(\Rightarrow2\left(\dfrac{cxy+bxz+ayz}{abc}\right)=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}=1\)

Vậy.........................

Ta có:

\(\dfrac{x}{a}+\dfrac{y}{b}+\dfrac{z}{c}=1\)

=>\(\left(\dfrac{x}{a}+\dfrac{y}{b}+\dfrac{z}{c}\right)^2=1\)

=> \(\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\left(\dfrac{xy}{ab}+\dfrac{yz}{bc}+\dfrac{xz}{ac}\right)=1\)

=>\(\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\left(\dfrac{cxy}{abc}+\dfrac{ayz}{abc}+\dfrac{bxz}{abc}\right)=1\) (1)

Lại có:

\(\dfrac{a}{x}+\dfrac{b}{y}+\dfrac{c}{z}=0\)

=> \(\dfrac{a}{x}.\dfrac{yz}{yz}+\dfrac{b}{y}.\dfrac{xz}{xz}+\dfrac{c}{z}.\dfrac{xy}{xy}=0\)

=>\(\dfrac{ayz}{xuy}+\dfrac{bxz}{xyz}+\dfrac{cxy}{xyz}=0\) (2)

Thay (2) vào (1) ta được

\(\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+0=1\)

=> \(\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}=1\)

Câu hỏi của trần hữu tuyển - Toán lớp 8 | Học trực tuyến

AM-GM ngược dấu như sau:

\(\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}=a-\dfrac{ab\left(a+b\right)}{a^2+ab+b^2}\ge a-\dfrac{ab\left(a+b\right)}{3ab}=\dfrac{2a-b}{3}\)

Tương tự ta cho 2 BĐT còn lại ta cũng có:

\(\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}\ge\dfrac{2b-c}{3};\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+ac+a^2}\ge\dfrac{2c-a}{3}\)

Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:

\(VT\ge\dfrac{2a-b}{3}+\dfrac{2b-c}{3}+\dfrac{2c-a}{3}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{3}=VP\)

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel ta có:

\(VT=\dfrac{a^4}{a^3+a^2b+ab^2}+\dfrac{b^4}{b^3+b^2c+bc^2}+\dfrac{c^4}{c^3+ac^2+ca^2}\)

\(\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{a^3+b^3+c^3+a^2b+ab^2+b^2c+bc^2+ac^2+ca^2}\)

\(\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{a^3+b^3+c^3+ab\left(a+b\right)+bc\left(b+c\right)+ca\left(c+a\right)}\)

Dễ thấy :

\(a^{3}+b^{3}+c^{3}+ab(b+c)+bc(b+c)+ca(c+a)=(a^{2}+ b^{2}+c^{2})(a+b+c)\)

\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}=\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{a+b+c}\)

Vậy cần chứng minh

\(\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{a+b+c}\ge\dfrac{a+b+c}{3}\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\) (luôn đúng)

Bài 2 :

a )

\(\left(4x-3\right)\left(4x+3\right)-15\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)-\left(x+6\right)-3x=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow16x^2-9-15x^2+15-x-6-3x=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-4x-1=0\)

\(\Delta=16+4=20>0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x_1=\dfrac{4+\sqrt{20}}{2}=2+\sqrt{5}\\\dfrac{4-\sqrt{20}}{2}=2-\sqrt{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy \(x=2-\sqrt{5}\) hoặc \(x=2+\sqrt{5}\)

b )

\(\left(5x+1\right)\left(5x-1\right)-25\left(x+3\right)\left(x-1\right)=4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow25x^2-1-25x^2-50x+75=4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-50x+70=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{70}{50}\)

Vậy \(x=\dfrac{70}{50}\)

1) A=x²-4x+4-3=(x-2)²-3

(x-2)²≥0 (Với mọi x)

=> (x-2)²-3 ≥ -3 (V...)

=> Min A=-3

Làm tương tự với những câu khác nha

2) a)( 4x-3)(4x+3)-15(x-1)(x+1)-x-6-3x=1

<=> 16x²-9-15x²+15-4x-6=1

<=> x²-4x=1 <=> x²-4x-1=0 <=> (x-2)²=5 =>x-2=\(\sqrt{5}\) => x=\(\sqrt{5}+2\)

làm tương tự nha

có phải bạn viết sai đề ko

\(A=\sum\sqrt{\dfrac{ab}{c+ab}}=\sum\sqrt{\dfrac{ab}{c^2+ca+cb+ab}}\)

\(=\sum\sqrt{\dfrac{ab}{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{c+a}+\dfrac{b}{c+b}+\dfrac{b}{a+b}+\dfrac{c}{a+c}+\dfrac{a}{b+a}+\dfrac{c}{b+c}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{2}.3=\dfrac{3}{2}\)

\(B=\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\\ =\dfrac{x+y}{xy}=\dfrac{5}{6}\)

\(x^3+y^3=\left(x+y\right)^3-3xy\left(x+y\right)\\ =5^3-3.6.5\\ =125-90\\ =35\)

A = x² + y²

= (x² + 2xy + y²) - 2xy

= (x + y)² - 2xy

= 5² - 2.6

= 25 - 12

= 13

F = x³ + y³

= (x + y)³ - 3xy(x + y)

= 5³ - 3.6.5

= 125 - 90

= 35