Ôn tập: Bất phương trình bậc nhất một ẩn

Chứng minh ab + a - 9b ≥ 0

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b+c\ge2\sqrt{c\left(a+b\right)}\\b+c\ge2\sqrt{bc}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge4a\left(b+c\right)\\\left(b+c\right)^2\ge4bc\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow16\left(b+c\right)=\left(a+b+c\right)^2\left(b+c\right)\\ \ge4a\left(b+c\right)\left(b+c\right)=4a\left(b+c\right)^2\ge4a\cdot4bc=16abc\\ \Leftrightarrow16\left(b+c\right)\ge16abc\\ \Leftrightarrow b+c\ge abc\)

Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow b=c=1;a=2\)

?

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x\left(x+1\right)=x+1\\x\left(x+1\right)=-\left(x+1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow}\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left(x+1\right)\left(x-1\right)=0\\\left(x+1\right)^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\x=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

a) Ta có:

 \(H=\left(\dfrac{x}{x^2-4}+\dfrac{1}{x+2}+\dfrac{2}{2-x}\right):\left(x-2+\dfrac{10-x^2}{x+2}\right)\\ =\left(\dfrac{x}{x^2-4}+\dfrac{x-2}{x^2-4}-\dfrac{2\left(x+2\right)}{x^2-4}\right):\left(\dfrac{x^2-4+10-x^2}{x+2}\right)\\ =\dfrac{x+x-2-2x-4}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)}\cdot\dfrac{x+2}{6}\\ =\dfrac{-6}{x-2}\cdot\dfrac{1}{6}=\dfrac{1}{2-x}\)

b) Để H < 0 thì \(\dfrac{1}{2-x}\) < 0 hay 2 - x < 0 ( do 1 > 0) suy ra x > 2

Vậy với x > 2 thì H < 0.

c) Ta có:

\(\left|x\right|=3\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\x=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)

+) Với x = 3 thì:

H = \(\dfrac{1}{2-3}=-1\)

+) Với x = -3 thì:

\(H=\dfrac{1}{2-\left(-3\right)}=\dfrac{1}{5}\)

Vậy với |x| = 3 thì H = -1 hoặc H = 1/5

a: Ta có: \(H=\left(\dfrac{x}{x^2-4}+\dfrac{1}{x+2}+\dfrac{2}{2-x}\right):\left(x-2+\dfrac{10-x^2}{x+2}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{x+x-2-2x-4}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)}:\dfrac{x^2-4+10-x^2}{x+2}\)

\(=\dfrac{-6}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)}\cdot\dfrac{x+2}{6}\)

\(=\dfrac{-1}{x-2}\)

b: Để H<0 thì x-2<0

hay x<2

Kết hợp ĐKXĐ, ta được: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x< 2\\x\ne-2\end{matrix}\right.\)

c: Ta có: |x|=3

nên \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\x=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)

Thay x=3 vào H, ta được:

\(H=\dfrac{-1}{3-2}=-1\)

Thay x=-3 vào H, ta được:

\(H=\dfrac{-1}{-3-2}=\dfrac{-1}{-5}=\dfrac{1}{5}\)

a: Ta có: \(K=\left(\dfrac{2+x}{2-x}+\dfrac{x}{2+x}-\dfrac{4x^2+2x+4}{x^2-4}\right):\left(\dfrac{x^2+9}{x^2-2x}-\dfrac{2x}{x-2}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{-x^2-4x-4+x^2-2x-4x^2-2x-4}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)}:\dfrac{x^2+9-2x^2}{x\left(x-2\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{-4x^2-8x-8}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)}\cdot\dfrac{x\left(x-2\right)}{-x^2+9}\)

\(=\dfrac{-4\left(x^2+2x+1\right)}{x+2}\cdot\dfrac{x}{-\left(x-3\right)\left(x+3\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{-4x\left(x+1\right)^2}{-\left(x-3\right)\left(x+3\right)\left(x+2\right)}\)

Lời giải:

a.

\(G=\frac{x^2-4}{x+1}+\frac{2}{x+1}:\frac{(2x-3)(x+1)-(2x+1)(x-1)}{(x-1)(x+1)}\)

\(=\frac{x^2-4}{x+1}+\frac{2}{x+1}:\frac{-2}{(x-1)(x+1)}=\frac{x^2-4}{x+1}+\frac{2}{x+1}.\frac{(x+1)(x-1)}{-2}\)

\(=\frac{x^2-4}{x+1}-(x-1)=\frac{x^2-4-(x^2-1)}{x+1}=\frac{-3}{x+1}\)

b.

Để $A\in\mathbb{Z}^+$ thì $x+1$ là ước âm của $-3$

$\Rightarrow x+1\in\left\{-1;-3\right\}$

$\Leftrightarrow x\in\left\{-2;-4\right\}$ (tm)

c.

$G< -1\Leftrightarrow \frac{-3}{x+1}+1< 0$

$\Leftrightarrow \frac{x-2}{x+1}< 0$

$\Leftrightarrow x-2<0< x+1$ hoặc $x-2>0>x+1$

$\Leftrightarrow -1< x< 2$ (chọn) hoặc $-1> x>2$ (loại)

Vậy $-1< x< 2$ và $x\neq 1$

Bài 8:

a: Ta có: \(G=\dfrac{x^2-4}{x+1}+\dfrac{2}{x+1}:\left(\dfrac{2x-3}{x-1}-\dfrac{2x+1}{x+1}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{x^2-4}{x+1}+\dfrac{2}{x+1}:\dfrac{2x^2+2x-3x-3-2x^2+2x-x+1}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)}{x+1}+\dfrac{2}{x+1}\cdot\dfrac{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}{-2}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)}{x+1}+\dfrac{-x+1}{1}\)

\(=\dfrac{x^2-4-\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}{x+1}\)

\(=\dfrac{x^2-4-x^2+1}{x+1}\)

\(=-\dfrac{3}{x+1}\)

c: Để G<-1 thì G+1<0

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{-3+x+1}{x+1}< 0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x-2}{x+1}< 0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-1< x\le2\)

Kết hợp ĐKXĐ, ta được:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-1< x\le2\\x\ne1\end{matrix}\right.\)

a. ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge4\)

\(F=\left(\dfrac{2+x}{2-x}-\dfrac{4x^2}{x^2-4}-\dfrac{2-x}{2+x}\right):\dfrac{x^2-3x}{2x^2-x^3}\)

\(=\left(\dfrac{\left(2+x\right)\left(2+x\right)}{\left(2-x\right)\left(2+x\right)}+\dfrac{4x^2}{\left(2-x\right)\left(2+x\right)}-\dfrac{\left(2-x\right)\left(2-x\right)}{\left(2-x\right)\left(2+x\right)}\right):\dfrac{x\left(x-3\right)}{x^2\left(2-x\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{4+4x+x^2+4x^2-4+4x-x^2}{\left(2-x\right)\left(2+x\right)}.\dfrac{x^2\left(2-x\right)}{x\left(x-3\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{4x^2+8x}{\left(2-x\right)\left(2+x\right)}.\dfrac{x^2\left(2-x\right)}{x\left(x-3\right)}=\dfrac{4x\left(x+2\right)x^2\left(2-x\right)}{\left(x+2\right)\left(2-x\right)x\left(x-3\right)}=\dfrac{4x^2}{x-3}\)

b. Ta có \(\left|x-5\right|=2\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-5=2\\5-x=2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=7\\x=3\end{matrix}\right.\)

* Với \(x=7\), ta có biểu thức \(F=\dfrac{4.7^2}{7-3}=\dfrac{196}{4}=49\)

* Với \(x=3\), ta có biểu thức \(F=\dfrac{4.3^2}{3-3}=\dfrac{36}{0}\), lúc này biểu thức không xác định 

c. \(F>0\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{4x^2}{x-3}>0\), vì \(4x^2\ge0\forall x\) nên để \(\dfrac{4x^2}{x-3}>0\)  thì \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4x^2>0\\x-3>0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x>0\\x>3\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow x>3\)

Bài 6: 

a: Ta có: \(E=1:\left(\dfrac{x^2+2}{x^3-1}-\dfrac{x+1}{x^2+x+1}-\dfrac{x+1}{x^2-1}\right)\)

\(=1:\left(\dfrac{x^2+2}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}-\dfrac{x^2-1}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}-\dfrac{x^2+x+1}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}\right)\)

\(=1:\dfrac{x^2+2-x^2+1-x^2-x-1}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}\)

\(=1\cdot\dfrac{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}{-x^2-x+2}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}{-\left(x^2+x-2\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{-\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}{\left(x+2\right)\left(x-1\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{-x^2-x-1}{x+2}\)

b: Ta có: |2x-3|=1

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x-3=1\\2x-3=-1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x=4\\2x=2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\left(nhận\right)\\x=1\left(loại\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Thay x=2 vào E, ta được:

\(E=\dfrac{-2^2-2-1}{2+2}=\dfrac{-7}{4}\)

Bài 7:

a: Ta có: \(F=\left(\dfrac{2+x}{2-x}-\dfrac{4x^2}{x^2-4}-\dfrac{2-x}{2+x}\right):\dfrac{x^2-3x}{2x^2-x^3}\)

\(=\left(\dfrac{-\left(x+2\right)}{x-2}-\dfrac{4x^2}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)}+\dfrac{x-2}{x+2}\right):\dfrac{x^2-3x}{2x^2-x^3}\)

\(=\dfrac{-\left(x+2\right)^2-4x^2+\left(x-2\right)^2}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)}:\dfrac{x^2-3x}{2x^2-x^3}\)

\(=\dfrac{-x^2-4x-4-4x^2+x^2-4x+4}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)}:\dfrac{x\left(x-3\right)}{x^2\left(2-x\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{-8x}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)}\cdot\dfrac{-x\left(x-2\right)}{x-3}\)

\(=\dfrac{8x^2}{\left(x+2\right)\left(x-3\right)}\)

Bài 6:

a: Ta có: \(E=1:\left(\dfrac{x^2+2}{x^3-1}-\dfrac{x+1}{x^2+x+1}-\dfrac{x+1}{x^2-1}\right)\)

\(=1:\left(\dfrac{x^2+2}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}-\dfrac{x+1}{x^2+x+1}-\dfrac{1}{x-1}\right)\)

\(=1:\dfrac{x^2+2-x^2+1-x^2-x-1}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}{-x^2-x+2}\)

\(=\dfrac{-\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}{\left(x+2\right)\left(x-1\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{-x^2-x-1}{x+2}\)