Đề kiểm tra cuối học kì II

a)

Gọi $n_{Na_2CO_3} = a(mol) \Rightarrow n_{K_2CO_3}= 2a(mol)$

$Na_2CO_3 + 2HCl \to 2NaCl + CO_2 + H_2O$
$K_2CO_3 + 2HCl \to 2KCl + CO_2 + H_2O$

$CO_2 + Ca(OH)_2 \to CaCO_3 + H_2O$
Theo PTHH : 

$n_{Na_2CO_3} + n_{K_2CO_3} = n_{CO_2} = n_{CaCO_3} $
$\Rightarrow a + 2a = 0,3$
$\Rightarrow a = 0,1$
$\Rightarrow m_{hh} = 0,1.106 + 0,1.2.138 = 38,2(gam)$

b)

$n_{HCl} =2 n_{Na_2CO_3} + 2n_{K_2CO_3} = 0,6(mol)$
$V_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{0,6}{1,5} = 0,4(lít)$

\(n_{H_2}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)

a---------2a---------------------a

\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

b---------2b-------------------b

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+56b=5,2\\a+b=0,15\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,05\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{24.0,1.100\%}{5,2}\simeq46,15\%\\ \%m_{Fe}=100\%-46,15\%=53,85\%\)

\(n_{HCl}=2.0,1+2.0,05=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ V_{HCl}=\dfrac{n}{C_M}=\dfrac{0,3}{1}=0,3\left(l\right)=300\left(ml\right)\)

\(n_{H_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)

a---------2a---------------------a

\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)

b---------2b--------------------b

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+65b=15,3\\a+b=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,102\\b=0,198\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(m_{Mg}=0,102.24=2,448\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{Zn}=15,3-2,448=12,852\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{HCl}=2.0,102+2.0,198=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

\(V_{HCl}=\dfrac{n}{C_M}=\dfrac{0,6}{1}=0,6\left(l\right)=600\left(ml\right)\)

a) Gọi x, y là số mol Mg, Zn

\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)

\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24x+65y=15,3\\x+y=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> \(x=\dfrac{21}{205};y=\dfrac{81}{410}\)

 \(\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{\dfrac{21}{205}.24}{15,3}.100=16,07\%\)

%m Zn = 83,93%

b)Bảo toàn nguyên tố H \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(V_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,6}{1}=0,6\left(lít\right)=600ml\)

a)

 
b) 

nZn=nH2=12nHCl=0,25(mol)
m=0,25.65=16,25(gam);VH2=0,25.22,4=5,6(lít)
c)

mdd sau pư=16,25+250−0,25.2=265,75(gam)

                                            Số mol của sắt

                                      n_Fe = \(\dfrac{m_{Fe}}{M_{Fe}}=\dfrac{2,8}{56}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

Pt :                                   Fe + 2HCl → FeCl₂ + H₂\(|\)

                                          1        2            1         1

                                        0,05     0,1        0,05

a)                                      Số mol của axit clohidric

                                        n_HCl = \(\dfrac{0,05.2}{1}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

                                                400ml = 0,4l                                  

                                      Nồng độ mol của axit clohidric

                                         C_M = \(\dfrac{n}{V}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,4}=0,25\left(M\right)\)

b)                                       Số mol của muối sắt(II) clorua

                                           n_FeCl2 = \(\dfrac{0,1.1}{2}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

                                       Nồng độ mol của muối sắt(II) clorua

                                           C_MFeCl2 = \(\dfrac{0,05}{0,4}=0,125\left(M\right)\)

 Chúc bạn học tốt

\(Fe+2HCl \to FeCl_2+H_2\\ n_{Fe}=\frac{2,8}{56}=0,05(mol)\\ a/ \\ n_{HCl}=2n_{Fe}=2.0,05=0,1(mol)\\ CM_{HCl}=\frac{0,1}{0,4}=0,25M\\ b/ \\ n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=0,05(mol)\\ CM_{FeCl_2}=\frac{005}{0,4}=0,125M \)

PTHH: \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\uparrow\)

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=\dfrac{4,05}{27}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{294\cdot10\%}{98}=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,15}{2}< \dfrac{0,3}{3}\) \(\Rightarrow\) Axit còn dư

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,075\left(mol\right)=n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}\\n_{H_2}=0,225\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V_{H_2}=0,225\cdot22,4=5,04\left(l\right)\\m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,075\cdot342=25,65\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,075\cdot98=7,35\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2}=0,225\cdot2=0,45\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{Al}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}-m_{H_2}=297,6\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{25,65}{297,6}\cdot100\%\approx8,62\%\\C\%_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{7,35}{297,6}\cdot100\%\approx4,47\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

a)\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{56}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{HCL}=0,1.1=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2}=2nH_2=2,0,1=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(ml\right)\)

b) sau pư Fe dư

ta có 1 molFe Pư 2 molHCL

  0,05 molFe pư 0,1 HCL

\(\Rightarrow n_{Fe\left(dư\right)}:0,1-0,05=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

c)\(C_{MFeCL_2}=\dfrac{2.n_{HCL}}{0,1}=2M\)

1) \(CaO+CO_2\rightarrow CaCO_3\)

2) \(CaO+SO_2\rightarrow CaSO_3\)

3) \(Na_2O+CO_2\rightarrow Na_2CO_3\)

4) \(K_2O+CO_2\rightarrow K_2CO_3\)

5) \(K_2O+SO_2\rightarrow K_2SO_3\)

\(\text{oxit axit: } SO_2, SO_3, CO, CO_2, P_2O_5\\ \text{oxit bazơ: } CaO, MgO, Na_2O, K_2O, BaO \)

a) $Zn+ 2HCl \to ZnCl_2 + H_2$
b) $n_{HCl} = \dfrac{250.7,3\%}{36,5} = 0,5(mol)$
$n_{Zn} = n_{H_2} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl} = 0,25(mol)$
$m = 0,25.65 =16,25(gam) ; V_{H_2} = 0,25.22,4 = 5,6(lít)$
c)

$m_{dd\ sau\ pư} = 16,25 + 250 - 0,25.2 = 265,75(gam)$
$C\%_{ZnCl_2}  = \dfrac{0,25.136}{265,75}.100\% = 12,8\%$

\(a/ 4Zn+2HCl \to ZnCl_2+H_2 \\ n_{HCl}=\frac{250.7,3\%}{36,5}=0,5(mol)\\ b/ \\ n_{Zn}=n_{H_2}=n_{ZnCl_2}=\frac{1}{2}.n_{HCl}=\frac{1}{2}.0,5=0,25(mol)\\ m_{Zn}=0,25.65=16,25(g)\\ V_{H_2}=0,25.22,4=5,6(l)\\ c/ \\ C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\frac{0,25.136}{16,25+250-0,25.2}.100=12,8\% \)

Ta có: 0,11>0,12, ta được Fe dư.

a, Theo PT: 

PTHH: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{56}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl}=0,1\cdot1=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}>\dfrac{0,1}{2}\) \(\Rightarrow\) Sắt còn dư, HCl p/ứ hết

\(\Rightarrow n_{Fe\left(dư\right)}=0,05\left(mol\right)=n_{FeCl_2}\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe\left(dư\right)}=0,05\cdot56=2,8\left(g\right)\\C_{M_{FeCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,05}{0,1}=0,5\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(a/ \\ Fe+2HCl \rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ n_{Fe}=\frac{5,6}{56}=0,1(mol)\\ n_{HCl}=0,1.1=0,1(mol)\\ Fe: 0,1>HCl: \frac{0,1}{2}=0,05\\ \Rightarrow \text{Fe dư, HCl hết} n_{H_2}=\frac{1}{2}.n_{HCl}=0,05(mol)\\ V_{H_2}=1,12l\\ b/ \\ \text{Fe dư}\\ n_{Fe}=\frac{1}{2}.n_{HCl}=0,05(mol)\\ m_{Fe}=(0,1-0,05).56=2,8g\\ C/ \\ n_{FeCl_2}=\frac{1}{2}.n_{HCl}=0,05(mol)\\ CM_{FeCl_2}=0,5M \)