Chương 3: NGUYÊN HÀM. TÍCH PHÂN VÀ ỨNG DỤNG - Hỏi đáp

Rất đơn giản là sử dụng nguyêm hàm từng phần:

\(I=\int\left(4x+1\right)sin2x.dx\)

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=4x+1\\dv=sin2xdx\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=4dx\\v=-\dfrac{1}{2}cos2x\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow I=-\dfrac{1}{2}cos2x\left(4x+1\right)+\int2cos2x.dx=-\dfrac{1}{2}cos2x\left(4x+1\right)+sin2x+C\)

4 câu 1,3,4,5 giống nhau, mình làm 1 câu và bạn dựa vào đó tự xử lý mấy câu còn lại nhé

1/ \(I=\int sin2x.e^{3x}dx\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=sin2x\\dv=e^{3x}dx\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=2cos2x.dx\\v=\dfrac{1}{3}e^{3x}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow I=\dfrac{1}{3}sin2x.e^{3x}-\dfrac{2}{3}\int cos2x.e^{3x}dx=\dfrac{1}{3}sin2x.e^{3x}-\dfrac{2}{3}I_1\)

Xét \(I_1=\int cos2x.e^{3x}dx\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=cos2x\\dv=e^{3x}dx\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=-2sin2xdx\\v=\dfrac{1}{3}e^{3x}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow I_1=\dfrac{1}{3}cos2x.e^{3x}+\dfrac{2}{3}\int sin2x.e^{3x}dx=\dfrac{1}{3}cos2x.e^{3x}+\dfrac{2}{3}I\)

\(\Rightarrow I=\dfrac{1}{3}sin2x.e^{3x}-\dfrac{2}{3}\left(\dfrac{1}{3}cos2x.e^{3x}+\dfrac{2}{3}I\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{13}{9}I=\dfrac{1}{9}e^{3x}\left(3sin2x-2cos2x\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow I=\dfrac{1}{13}e^{3x}\left(3sin2x-2cos2x\right)+C\)

3/ \(\int e^x\left(\dfrac{1+cos2x}{2}\right)dx=\dfrac{1}{2}\int e^xdx+\dfrac{1}{2}\int cos2x.e^xdx=\dfrac{e^x}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}I_1\)

\(I_1\) có cách tính y hệt như bài 1, bạn nguyên hàm từng phần 2 lần là xong

4/ Cũng hạ bậc tương tự câu trên và xử lý

5/ \(I=\int e^{-x}\left(\dfrac{cos3x+3cosx}{4}\right)dx=\dfrac{1}{4}\int e^{-x}\left(cos3x+3cosx\right)dx\)

\(\Rightarrow I=\dfrac{1}{4}\int e^{-x}cos3x.dx+\dfrac{3}{4}\int e^{-x}cosx.dx=I_1+I_2\)

Dùng phương pháp tương tự bài 1, lần lượt tính \(I_1\) và \(I_2\) rồi cộng vào

2/\(I=\int\dfrac{x^4}{\left(x^2-1\right)^2}dx=\int\left(1+\dfrac{2x^2-1}{\left(x^2-1\right)^2}\right)dx=\int\left(1+\dfrac{2}{x^2-1}+\dfrac{1}{\left(x^2-1\right)^2}\right)dx\)

\(=\int\left(1+\dfrac{1}{x-1}-\dfrac{1}{x+1}+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{x-1}-\dfrac{1}{x+1}\right)^2\right)dx\)

\(=\int\left(1+\dfrac{1}{x-1}-\dfrac{1}{x+1}+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{\left(x-1\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(x+1\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{x+1}-\dfrac{1}{x-1}\right)\right)dx\)

\(=\int\left(1+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{x-1}-\dfrac{1}{x+1}\right)+\dfrac{1}{4}\dfrac{1}{\left(x+1\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{4}\dfrac{1}{\left(x-1\right)^2}\right)dx\)

\(=x+\dfrac{3}{4}ln\left|\dfrac{x-1}{x+1}\right|-\dfrac{1}{4\left(x+1\right)}-\dfrac{1}{4\left(x-1\right)}+C\)

\(=x+\dfrac{3}{4}ln\left|\dfrac{x-1}{x+1}\right|-\dfrac{x}{2\left(x^2-1\right)}+C\)

\(\int\dfrac{e^x-e^{-x}}{e^x+e^{-x}}dx=\int\dfrac{d\left(e^x+e^{-x}\right)}{e^x+e^{-x}}=ln\left|e^x+e^{-x}\right|+C\)

\(I_1=\int\limits^0_{-1}x\left(x^2-4\right)^{2019}dx=\dfrac{1}{2}\int\limits^0_{-1}\left(x^2-4\right)^{2019}d\left(x^2-4\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{4040}\left(x^2-4\right)^{2020}|^0_{-1}=\dfrac{4^{2020}-3^{2020}}{4040}\)

\(I_2=\int\limits^0_{-1}x\left(x-6\right)^{2019}dx\)

Đặt \(x-6=t\Rightarrow dx=dt;\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\Rightarrow t=-7\\x=0\Rightarrow t=-6\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow I_2=\int\limits^{-6}_{-7}\left(t+6\right)t^{2019}dt=\int\limits^{-6}_{-7}\left(t^{2020}+6t^{2019}\right)dt\)

\(=\left(\dfrac{t^{2021}}{2021}+\dfrac{3t^{2020}}{1010}\right)|^{-6}_{-7}=\dfrac{7^{2021}-6^{2021}}{2021}-\dfrac{3}{1010}\left(7^{2020}-6^{2020}\right)\)

\(I=\int\dfrac{dx}{1+\sqrt{x}}\)

Đặt \(\sqrt{x}=t\Rightarrow x=t^2\Rightarrow dx=2t.dt\)

\(\Rightarrow I=\int\dfrac{2t.dt}{1+t}=\int\left(2-\dfrac{2}{1+t}\right)dt=2t-2ln\left|1+t\right|+C\)

\(=2\sqrt{x}-2ln\left|1+\sqrt{x}\right|+C\)

2/

\(I=\int\dfrac{sinx.cos^3xdx}{1+sin^2x}=\int\dfrac{cos^3x.sinxdx}{2-cos^2x}\)

Đặt \(cosx=t\Rightarrow sinxdx=-dt\)

\(\Rightarrow I=\int\dfrac{t^3dt}{t^2-2}=\int\left(t+\dfrac{2t}{t^2-2}\right)dt=\int t.dt+\int\dfrac{2t.dt}{t^2-2}\)

\(=\int t.dt+\int\dfrac{d\left(t^2-2\right)}{t^2-2}=\dfrac{t^2}{2}+ln\left|t^2-2\right|+C\)

\(=\dfrac{cos^2x}{2}+ln\left|cos^2x-2\right|+C\)

Ơ bài 1 nhầm số 4 thành số 2 rồi, bạn sửa lại 1 chút nhé :D

Còn 1 cách làm khác nữa là lượng giác hóa

Đặt \(x^4=2sint\Rightarrow x^3dx=\dfrac{1}{2}cost.dt\)

\(\Rightarrow I=\dfrac{1}{2}\int\dfrac{cost.dt}{\left(4sin^2t-4\right)^2}=\dfrac{1}{32}\int\dfrac{cost.dt}{cos^4t}=\dfrac{1}{32}\int\dfrac{dt}{cos^3t}\)

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=\dfrac{1}{cost}\\dv=\dfrac{dt}{cos^2t}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=\dfrac{sint.dt}{cos^2t}\\v=tant\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow32I=\dfrac{tant}{cost}-\int\dfrac{tant.sint.dt}{cos^2t}=\dfrac{sint}{cos^2t}-\int\dfrac{sin^2t.dt}{cos^3t}\)

\(=\dfrac{sint}{1-sin^2t}-\int\dfrac{1-cos^2t}{cos^3t}dt=\dfrac{sint}{1-sin^2t}-\int\dfrac{dt}{cos^3t}+\int\dfrac{1}{cosx}dx\)

Chú ý rằng \(\int\dfrac{dt}{cos^3t}=32I\)

\(\Rightarrow32I=\dfrac{sint}{1-sin^2t}-32I+\int\dfrac{cost.dt}{cos^2t}\)

\(\Rightarrow64I=\dfrac{sint}{1-sin^2t}-\int\dfrac{d\left(sint\right)}{sin^2t-1}=\dfrac{sint}{1-sin^2t}-\dfrac{1}{2}ln\left|\dfrac{sint-1}{sint+1}\right|+C\)

\(\Rightarrow I=\dfrac{1}{64}\left(\dfrac{2x^4}{4-x^8}-\dfrac{1}{2}ln\left|\dfrac{x^4-2}{x^4+2}\right|\right)+C\)

\(I=\int\dfrac{x^3dx}{\left(x^8-4\right)^2}\)

Đặt \(x^4=t\Rightarrow x^3dx=\dfrac{1}{4}dt\Rightarrow I=\dfrac{1}{4}\int\dfrac{dt}{\left(t^2-2\right)^2}=\dfrac{1}{4}\int\dfrac{dt}{\left(t-\sqrt{2}\right)^2\left(t+\sqrt{2}\right)^2}\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{32}\int\left(\dfrac{1}{t-\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{t+\sqrt{2}}\right)^2dt=\dfrac{1}{32}\int\left(\dfrac{1}{\left(t-\sqrt{2}\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(t+\sqrt{2}\right)^2}-\dfrac{2}{\left(t+\sqrt{2}\right)\left(t-\sqrt{2}\right)}\right)dt\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{32}\int\left(\dfrac{1}{\left(t-\sqrt{2}\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(t+\sqrt{2}\right)^2}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\left(\dfrac{1}{t-\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{t+\sqrt{2}}\right)\right)dt\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{32}\left(\dfrac{-1}{t-\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{t+\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}ln\left|\dfrac{t-\sqrt{2}}{t+\sqrt{2}}\right|\right)+C\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{32}\left(\dfrac{-1}{x^4-\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{x^4+\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}ln\left|\dfrac{x^4-\sqrt{2}}{x^4+\sqrt{2}}\right|\right)+C\)

2/ \(I=\int\dfrac{\left(2x+1\right)dx}{\left(x^2+x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+3\right)}=\dfrac{1}{4}\int\left(\dfrac{1}{x^2+x-1}-\dfrac{1}{x^2+x+3}\right)\left(2x+1\right)dx\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{4}\int\left(\dfrac{2x+1}{x^2+x-1}-\dfrac{2x+1}{x^2+x+3}\right)dx\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\int\dfrac{d\left(x^2+x-1\right)}{x^2+x-1}-\int\dfrac{d\left(x^2+x+3\right)}{x^2+x+3}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{4}ln\left|\dfrac{x^2+x-1}{x^2+x+3}\right|+C\)

3/ Đặt \(\sqrt[3]{x}=t\Rightarrow x=t^3\Rightarrow dx=3t^2dt\)

\(\Rightarrow I=\int\dfrac{3t^2.sint.dt}{t^2}=3\int sint.dt=-3cost+C=-3cos\left(\sqrt[3]{x}\right)+C\)

4/ \(I=\int\dfrac{dx}{1+cos^2x}=\int\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{cos^2x}dx}{\dfrac{1}{cos^2x}+1}\)

Đặt \(t=tanx\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}dt=\dfrac{1}{cos^2x}dx\\\dfrac{1}{cos^2x}=1+tan^2x=1+t^2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow I=\int\dfrac{dt}{1+t^2+1}=\int\dfrac{dt}{t^2+2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\int\dfrac{dt}{\left(\dfrac{t}{\sqrt{2}}\right)^2+1}\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{2}.\sqrt{2}.arctan\left(\dfrac{t}{\sqrt{2}}\right)+C=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}arctan\left(\dfrac{tanx}{\sqrt{2}}\right)+C\)

5/ \(I=\int\dfrac{sinx+cosx}{4+2sinx.cosx-sin^2x-cos^2x}dx=\int\dfrac{sinx+cosx}{4-\left(sinx-cosx\right)^2}dx\)

Đặt \(sinx-cosx=t\Rightarrow\left(cosx+sinx\right)dx=dt\)

\(\Rightarrow I=\int\dfrac{dt}{4-t^2}=-\int\dfrac{dt}{\left(t-2\right)\left(t+2\right)}=\dfrac{1}{4}\int\left(\dfrac{1}{t+2}-\dfrac{1}{t-2}\right)dt\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{4}ln\left|\dfrac{t+2}{t-2}\right|+C=\dfrac{1}{4}ln\left|\dfrac{sinx-cosx+2}{sinx-cosx-2}\right|+C\)

Đề thế này hả bạn, dịch mãi mới ra:

Cho \(\int\limits^{x^2}_0f\left(t\right)dt=x.cos\left(\pi x\right)\), tính \(f\left(4\right)\)?

Giải:

Đạo hàm hai vế ta được:

\(f\left(x^2\right).\left(x^2\right)'=\left(x.cos\left(\pi x\right)\right)'\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x.f\left(x^2\right)=cos\left(\pi x\right)-\pi x.sin\left(\pi x\right)\)

Thay \(x=2\) vào ta được:

\(4.f\left(4\right)=cos\left(2\pi\right)-2\pi.sin\left(2\pi\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow4.f\left(4\right)=1\Rightarrow f\left(4\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}\)

giúp tuii vs m ng oiii

Phương trình hoành độ giao điểm:

\(-x^3+12x=-x^2\Leftrightarrow x^3-x^2-12x=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-3\\x=0\\x=4\end{matrix}\right.\)

Trên đoạn \(\left[-3;0\right]\) ta thấy \(-x^2\ge-x^3+12x\)

Trên đoạn \(\left[0;4\right]\) ta thấy \(-x^3+12x\ge-x^2\)

Vậy diện tích hình phẳng (H) là:

\(S=\int\limits^0_{-3}\left(-x^2+x^3-12x\right)dx+\int\limits^4_0\left(-x^3+12x+x^2\right)dx=\dfrac{937}{12}\) (đvdt)

\(\overrightarrow{n}=\left[\overrightarrow{AB},\overrightarrow{AC}\right]\)= (9,4,-1)