Chương 4: BẤT ĐẲNG THỨC, BẤT PHƯƠNG TRÌNH - Hỏi đáp

Áp dụng BĐT cauchy:

\(\dfrac{1}{xy}+\dfrac{1}{yz}+\dfrac{1}{zx}\ge\dfrac{9}{xy+yz+zx}\)

\(M\ge\dfrac{1}{x^2+y^2+z^2}+\dfrac{9}{xy+yz+xz}=\dfrac{1}{x^2+y^2+z^2}+\dfrac{4}{2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)}+\dfrac{7}{xy+yz+zx}\)Áp dụng BĐT cauchy-schwarz:

\(\dfrac{1}{x^2+y^2+z^2}+\dfrac{4}{2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+2\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}=9\)

và \(\dfrac{7}{xy+yz+xz}\ge\dfrac{7}{\dfrac{1}{3}\left(x+y+z\right)^2}=21\)

\(\Rightarrow M\ge9+21=30\)

dấu = xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{3}\)

cô si cho đễ hiểu đi bn , cần gì phải cauchy s,. làm gì cho mệt

Áp dụng bổ đề:

\(x^3+y^3\ge xy\left(x+y\right)\)

Ta có:

\(\dfrac{19b^3-a^3}{ab+5b^2}+\dfrac{19c^3-b^3}{bc+5c^2}+\dfrac{19a^3-c^3}{ac+5a^2}\)

\(\le\dfrac{20b^3-ab\left(a+b\right)}{ab+5b^2}+\dfrac{20c^3-bc\left(b+c\right)}{bc+5c^2}+\dfrac{20a^3-ca\left(c+a\right)}{ac+5a^2}\)

\(=\dfrac{b\left(4b-a\right)\left(5b+a\right)}{ab+5b^2}+\dfrac{c\left(4c-b\right)\left(5c+b\right)}{bc+5c^2}+\dfrac{a\left(4a-c\right)\left(5a+c\right)}{ac+5a^2}\)

\(=4b-a+4c-b+4a-c=3\left(a+b+c\right)\)

Oh my god!

Nhìn đề mà méo hiểu gì đang xảy ra ở thế giới này!

2p+2q > 2n. Rốt cuộc ý là sao

\(P=\sqrt{a^2+\dfrac{1}{a^2}}+\sqrt{b^2+\dfrac{1}{b^2}}+\sqrt{c^2+\dfrac{1}{c^2}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\dfrac{97}{4}}P=\sqrt{4+\dfrac{81}{4}}\sqrt{a^2+\dfrac{1}{a^2}}+\sqrt{4+\dfrac{81}{4}}\sqrt{b^2+\dfrac{1}{b^2}}+\sqrt{4+\dfrac{81}{4}}\sqrt{c^2+\dfrac{1}{c^2}}\)

\(\ge\left(2a+\dfrac{9}{2a}\right)+\left(2b+\dfrac{9}{2b}\right)+\left(2c+\dfrac{9}{2c}\right)\)

\(=2\left(a+b+c\right)+\dfrac{9}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)

\(\ge4+\dfrac{9}{2}.\dfrac{9}{a+b+c}=4+\dfrac{81}{4}=\dfrac{97}{4}\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge\sqrt{\dfrac{97}{4}}\)

PS: Lần sau chép đề cẩn thận nhé bạn.

Nếu là \(\ge \) thì easy rồi. Áp dụng BĐT Min....

\(VT=\sqrt{a^2+\dfrac{1}{a^2}}+\sqrt{b^2+\dfrac{1}{b^2}}+\sqrt{c^2+\dfrac{1}{c^2}}\)

\(\ge\sqrt{\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)^2}\)

\(\ge\sqrt{\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{9}{a+b+c}\right)^2}\)

\(\ge\sqrt{2^2+\left(\dfrac{9}{2}\right)^2}=\sqrt{\dfrac{97}{4}}=VP\)

Khi \(a=b=c=\frac{2}{3}\)

Lời giải:

Áp dụng hệ quả của BĐT AM-GM:

\(\text{VT}^2=\left[\frac{1}{a(a+1)}+\frac{1}{b(b+1)}+\frac{1}{c(c+1)}\right]^2\geq 3\left(\frac{1}{ab(a+1)(b+1)}+\frac{1}{bc(b+1)(c+1)}+\frac{1}{ca(a+1)(c+1)}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow \text{VT}^2\geq 3.\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2+a+b+c}{abc(a+1)(b+1)(c+1)}\geq 3.\frac{a+b+c+ab+bc+ac}{abc(a+1)(b+1)(c+1)}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow \text{VT}^2\geq \frac{3}{abc}-\frac{3(abc+1)}{abc(a+1)(b+1)(c+1)}\) \((1)\)

Ta sẽ cm \((a+1)(b+1)(c+1)\geq (1+\sqrt[3]{abc})^3\). Thật vậy:

Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:

\(\frac{a}{a+1}+\frac{b}{b+1}+\frac{c}{c+1}\geq 3\sqrt[3]{\frac{abc}{(a+1)(b+1)(c+1)}}\)

\(\frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}\geq 3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{(a+1)(b+1)(c+1)}}\)

Cộng theo vế: \(\Rightarrow 3\geq \frac{3(\sqrt[3]{abc}+1)}{\sqrt[3]{(a+1)(b+1)(c+1)}}\)

\(\Rightarrow (a+1)(b+1)(c+1)\geq (\sqrt[3]{abc}+1)^3\) (2)

Từ \((1),(2)\Rightarrow \text{VT}^2\geq \frac{3}{abc}-\frac{3(abc+1)}{abc(1+\sqrt[3]{abc})^3}=\frac{9}{\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}(1+\sqrt[3]{abc})^2}=\text{VP}^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow \text{VT}\geq \text{VP}\) (đpcm)

Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)

ap dung bdt holder

Bài 2: Bài này sử dụng pp xác định điểm rơi thôi.

Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:

\(24a^2+24.(\frac{31}{261})^2\geq 2\sqrt{24^2.(\frac{31}{261})^2a^2}=\frac{496}{87}a\)

\(b^2+(\frac{248}{87})^2\geq 2\sqrt{(\frac{248}{87})^2.b^2}=\frac{496}{87}b\)

\(93c^2+93.(\frac{8}{261})^2\geq 2\sqrt{93^2.(\frac{8}{261})^2c^2}=\frac{496}{87}c\)

Cộng theo vế:

\(B+\frac{248}{29}\geq \frac{496}{87}(a+b+c)=\frac{496}{87}.3=\frac{496}{29}\)

\(\Rightarrow B\geq \frac{496}{29}-\frac{248}{29}=\frac{248}{29}\)

Vậy \(B_{\min}=\frac{248}{29}\). Dấu bằng xảy ra khi: \((a,b,c)=(\frac{31}{261}; \frac{248}{87}; \frac{8}{261})\)

Bài 1:
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky ta có:

\((a^2+2c^2)(1+2)\geq (a+2c)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow \sqrt{a^2+2c^2}\geq \frac{a+2c}{\sqrt{3}}\)

\(\Rightarrow \frac{\sqrt{a^2+2c^2}}{ac}\geq \frac{a+2c}{\sqrt{3}ac}=\frac{ab+2bc}{\sqrt{3}abc}\)

Hoàn toàn tương tự: \(\left\{\begin{matrix} \frac{\sqrt{c^2+2b^2}}{bc}\geq \frac{ac+2ab}{\sqrt{3}abc}\\ \frac{\sqrt{b^2+2a^2}}{ab}\geq \frac{bc+2ac}{\sqrt{3}abc}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Cộng theo vế các BĐT trên thu được:

\(\text{VT}\geq \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}.\frac{ab+2bc+ac+2ab+bc+2ac}{abc}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}.\frac{3(ab+bc+ac)}{abc}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}.\frac{3abc}{abc}=\sqrt{3}\)

Ta có đpcm

Dấu bằng xảy ra khi $a=b=c=3$

Lời giải:

Đặt \((a,b,c)=(m+4,n+5,p+6)\Rightarrow m,n,p\geq 0\)

Điều kiện đb trở thành:

\(a^2+b^2+c^2=90\Leftrightarrow m^2+n^2+p^2+8m+10n+12p=13\)

Vì \(m,n,p\geq 0\) nên:

\(13=m^2+n^2+p^2+8m+10n+12p\leq (m+n+p)^2+12(m+n+p)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow (m+n+p+13)(m+n+p-1)\geq 0\)

\(\Rightarrow m+n+p\geq 1\)

\(\Rightarrow a+b+c=m+n+p+15\geq 16\)

Ta có đpcm

Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \((a,b,c)=(4,5,7)\)

Lời giải:

Ta sẽ CM BĐT trung gian sau:

\(P\geq \frac{x^2}{x+y}+\frac{y^2}{y+z}+\frac{z^2}{z+x}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2\left ( \frac{1}{y+z}-\frac{1}{x+y} \right )+y^2\left ( \frac{1}{x+z}-\frac{1}{z+y} \right )+z^2\left ( \frac{1}{x+y}-\frac{1}{z+x} \right )\geq 0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2(x^2-z^2)+y^2(y^2-x^2)+z^2(z^2-y^2)\geq 0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow (x^2-y^2)^2+(y^2-z^2)^2+(z^2-x^2)^2\geq 0\) (luôn đúng)

Giờ ta sẽ tìm min \(\frac{x^2}{x+y}+\frac{y^2}{y+z}+\frac{z^2}{z+x}\)

Hiển nhiên \(\sum \frac{x^2}{x+y}=\sum \frac{y^2}{x+y}\) nên

\(\frac{x^2}{x+y}+\frac{y^2}{y+z}+\frac{z^2}{z+x}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{x^2+y^2}{x+y}+\frac{y^2+z^2}{y+z}+\frac{z^2+x^2}{z+x}\right)=A\)

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:

\(A\geq \frac{1}{2}\frac{(\sqrt{x^2+y^2}+\sqrt{y^2+z^2}+\sqrt{z^2+x^2})^2}{2(x+y+z)}=\frac{9}{x+y+z}\)

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy: \(\sqrt{x^2+y^2}\geq \frac{x+y}{\sqrt{2}}\)

Tương tự với các số còn lại suy ra \(6\geq \sqrt{2}.(x+y+z)\Rightarrow x+y+z\leq 3\sqrt{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow A\geq \frac{3\sqrt{2}}{2}\) kéo theo \(P_{\min}=\frac{3\sqrt{2}}{2}\)

Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\sqrt{2}\)

\(\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\left[\dfrac{3}{8}.\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\right].\left[\dfrac{3}{8}\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\right]..\)

\(\le\dfrac{1}{9^9}\left[a^3+b^3+c^3+3\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\right]^9\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{9^9}\left(a+b+c\right)^{27}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3^8.\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\le\dfrac{1}{3^{18}}\left(a+b+c\right)^{27}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt[27]{\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{3}}\le\dfrac{a+b+c}{3}\)

P/s: Eztogiveup

Bài 2

\(VT=\left(\sqrt{a^2}+\sqrt{b^2}+\sqrt{c^2}\right)\left[\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{a}}{b+c}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{b}}{c+a}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{c}}{a+b}\right)^2\right]\)

Áp dụng bđt Bunhiacopxki ta có

\(VT\ge\left(\sqrt{a}.\dfrac{\sqrt{a}}{b+c}+\sqrt{b}.\dfrac{\sqrt{b}}{c+a}+\sqrt{c}.\dfrac{\sqrt{c}}{a+b}\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow VT\ge\left(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\right)^2\)

Xét \(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\)

Áp dụng bđt Cauchy dạng phân thức ta có

\(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}=\dfrac{a^2}{ab+ac}+\dfrac{b^2}{bc+ab}+\dfrac{c^2}{ca+bc}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)}=\dfrac{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\right)^2\ge\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2=\dfrac{9}{4}\)

\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{9}{4}\left(đpcm\right)\)

Dấu '' = '' xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)

Bài 1

\(VT=\dfrac{a^2}{ab^2+abc+ac^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2b+abc+a^2b}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2c+abc+b^2c}\)

Áp dụng bđt Cauchy dạng phân thức

\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{ab\left(a+b\right)+abc+ac\left(a+c\right)+abc+bc\left(b+c\right)+abc}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{ab\left(a+b+c\right)+ac\left(a+b+c\right)+bc\left(a+b+c\right)}=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ac\right)}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{a+b+c}{ab+bc+ac}\left(đpcm\right)\)

Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)

Lời giải:

Đặt \(\left\{\begin{matrix} a+b-c=x\\ b+c-a=y\\ c+a-b=z\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} b=\frac{x+y}{2}\\ c=\frac{y+z}{2}\\ a=\frac{x+z}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) \((x,y,z>0\) do $a,b,c$ là ba cạnh tam giác ).

BĐT cần chứng minh tương đương với :

\(\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}\geq \frac{4}{(x+y)^2}+\frac{4}{(y+z)^2}+\frac{4}{(z+x)^2}\)

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy:

\(\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}\geq \frac{2}{xy}\)

\(\Rightarrow 2\left(\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}\right)\geq \left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)^2\)

Theo BĐT S.Vacso: \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\geq \frac{4}{x+y}\Rightarrow 2\left(\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}\right)\geq \frac{16}{(x+y)^2}(*)\)

Hoàn toàn tương tự:

\(2\left(\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}\right)\geq \frac{16}{(y+z)^2}; 2\left(\frac{1}{z^2}+\frac{1}{x^2}\right)\geq \frac{16}{(z+x)^2}(**)\)

Cộng theo vế \((*); (**)\) và rút gọn suy ra:

\(\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}\geq \frac{4}{(x+y)^2}+\frac{4}{(y+z)^2}+\frac{4}{(z+x)^2}\)

Ta có đpcm

Dấu bằng xảy ra khi $x=y=z$ hay $a=b=c$