\(a)8< 2^x\le2^9.2^{-5}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2^3< 2^x\le2^9.\dfrac{1}{2^5}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2^3< 2^x\le2^4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=4\)
\(b)27< 81^3:3^x< 243\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3^3< \left(3^4\right)^3:3^x< 3^5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3^3< 3^{12}:3^x< 3^5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3^3< 3^{12-x}< 3^5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow12-x=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=8\)