a: \(=\left(x-2y\right)\left(x+2y\right)+4\left(x-2y\right)=\left(x-2y\right)\left(x+2y+4\right)\)
b: \(=x\left(x^2+2xy+y^2-16\right)=x\left(x+y-4\right)\left(x+y+4\right)\)
d: \(=\left(x^2-2x\right)^2+8\left(x^2-2x\right)+7\)
\(=\left(x^2-2x+1\right)\left(x^2-2x+7\right)\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)^2\left(x^2-2x+7\right)\)