2) =((x+y)+z)^3-x^3-y^3-z^3
=(x+y)^3+3(x+y)^2z +3(x+y)z^2+z^3-x^3-y^3-z^3
=x^3+y^3+3xy(x+y)+3(x+y)^2z+3(x+y)z^2-x^3-y^3
=3xy(x+y)+3(x+y)^2z+3(x+y)z^2
=3(x+y)(xy+(x+y)z+z^2)
=3(x+y)(xy+xz+yz+z^2)
=3(x+y)(x(y+z)+z(y+z))
=3(x+y)(y+z)(x+z)
1) a^3-3a^2b+3ab^2-b^3+b^3-3b^2c+3bc^2-c^3+c^3-3c^2a+3ca^2-a^3
= -3(a^2b-ab^2+b^2c-bc^2+c^2a-ca^2)
=-3(ab(a-b)+c(b^2-a^2)-c^2(b-a))
= -3(ab(a-b)-c(a+b)(a-b)+c^2(a-b))
= -3(a-b)(ab-ac-bc+c^2)
= -3(a-b)(a(b-c)-c(b-c))
= -3(a-b)(b-c)(a-c)