a. ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^2+2x}=a>0\\\sqrt{2x-1}=b\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b=\sqrt{3a^2-b^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2=3a^2-b^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-ab-b^2=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a-\dfrac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2}b\right)\left(a+\dfrac{\sqrt{5}-1}{2}b\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=\dfrac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2}b\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x^2+2x}=\dfrac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2}\sqrt{2x-1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+2x=\dfrac{3+\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(2x-1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-\left(\sqrt{5}+1\right)x+\dfrac{3+\sqrt{5}}{2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\dfrac{\sqrt{5}+1}{2}\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{\sqrt{5}+1}{2}\)
b. ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{5x^2+14x+9}=\sqrt{x^2-x-20}+5\sqrt{x+1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow5x^2+14x+9=x^2-x-20+25\left(x+1\right)+10\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)\left(x-5\right)\left(x+4\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2-5x+2=5\sqrt{\left(x^2-4x-5\right)\left(x+4\right)}\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^2-4x-5}=a\ge0\\\sqrt{x+4}=b>0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow2a^2+3b^2=5ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(2a-3b\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^2-4x-5}=\sqrt{x+4}\\2\sqrt{x^2-4x-5}=3\sqrt{x+4}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2-4x-5=x+4\\4\left(x^2-4x-5\right)=9\left(x+4\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow...\)
