Vì a, b không chia hết cho 3 nên a, b có dạng \(3k+1\) hoặc \(3k+2\) \(\left(k\inℤ\right)\)
* Nếu \(a=3k+1\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(a^2=\left(3k+1\right)^2=9k^2+6k+1\) chia 3 dư 1
\(b=3k+1\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(b^2=\left(3k+1\right)^2=9k^2+1\) chia 3 dư 1
* Nếu \(a=3k+2\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(a^2=\left(3k+2\right)^2=9k^2+12k+3+1\) chia 3 dư 1
\(b=3k+2\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(b^2=\left(3k+2\right)^2=9k^2+12k+3+1\) chia 3 dư 1
\(\Rightarrow\)\(a^2,b^2\) chia 3 dư 1
\(\Rightarrow\)\(a^2-b^2⋮3\)
Lại có :
\(a^6-b^6=\left(a^2\right)^3-\left(b^2\right)^3=\left(a^2-b^2\right)\left(a^4+a^2b^2+b^4\right)=\left(a^2-b^2\right)\left[\left(a^4-2a^2b^2+b^4\right)+3a^2b^2\right]\)
\(=\left(a^2-b^2\right)\left[\left(a^2-b^2\right)^2+3a^2b^2\right]\)
Xét \(\left(a^2-b^2\right)⋮3\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\left(a^2-b^2\right)^2⋮3\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\left(a^2-b^2\right)^2+3a^2b^2⋮3\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\left(a^2-b^2\right)\left[\left(a^2-b^2\right)^2+3a^2b^2\right]⋮9\)
Hay \(a^6-b^6⋮9\) ( đpcm )
Chúc bạn học tốt ~
