a) \(S=1+2+2^2+...+2^{100}\)
\(2S=2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{101}\)
\(2S-S=\left(2+2^2+...+2^{101}\right)-\left(1+2+...+2^{100}\right)\)
\(S=2^{101}-1\)
b) \(X=2^{2012}-2^{2011}-...-2-1\)
\(X=2^{2012}-\left(1+2+...+2^{2011}\right)\)
Đặt \(X=2^{2012}-Y\)
Ta có :
\(Y=1+2+...+2^{2011}\)
\(2Y=2+2^2+...+2^{2012}\)
\(2Y-Y=\left(2+2^2+...+2^{2012}\right)-\left(1+2+...+2^{2011}\right)\)
\(Y=2^{2012}-1\)
\(\Rightarrow X=2^{2012}-2^{2012}+1\)
\(\Rightarrow X=1\)
\(\Rightarrow2010X=2010\)