Violympic toán 8

Linh Khánh

1.TÌM GTLN

A=-x^2-2x+9

B=-9x^2+6x+25

C=-x^2+x+1

D=-2x^2+3x+1

E=-25x^2-10x+7

2.Tìm gTLN

A=9x^2+6x+4

B=4x^2+4x+12

C=x^2+x+3

D=2x^2+3x+1

E=64x^2+16x+3

Yukru
23 tháng 8 2018 lúc 19:33

Bài 1:

\(A=-x^2-2x+9\)

\(A=-\left(x^2+2x-9\right)\)

\(A=-\left(x^2+2x+1-10\right)\)

\(A=-\left(x+1\right)^2+10\)

\(-\left(x+1\right)^2\le0\) với mọi x

\(\Rightarrow-\left(x+1\right)^2+10\le10\)

\(\Rightarrow Amax=10\Leftrightarrow x=-1\)

\(B=-9x^2+6x+25\)

\(B=-\left(9x^2-6x-25\right)\)

\(B=-\left[\left(3x\right)^2-2.3x+1-26\right]\)

\(B=-\left(3x-1\right)^2+26\)

\(-\left(3x-1\right)^2\le0\) với mọi x

\(\Rightarrow-\left(3x-1\right)^2+26\le26\)

\(\Rightarrow Bmax=26\Leftrightarrow3x-1=0\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{3}\)

\(C=-x^2+x+1\)

\(C=-\left(x^2-x-1\right)\)

\(C=-\left(x^2-2x.\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{4}-1\right)\)

\(C=-\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{5}{4}\)

\(-\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\le0\) với mọi x

\(\Rightarrow-\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{5}{4}\le\dfrac{5}{4}\)

\(\Rightarrow Cmax=\dfrac{5}{4}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(D=-2x^2+3x+1\)

\(D=-2\left(x^2-\dfrac{3}{2}x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\)

\(D=-2\left(x^2-2.x\dfrac{3}{4}+\dfrac{9}{16}-\dfrac{9}{16}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\)

\(D=-2\left(x-\dfrac{3}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{17}{8}\)

\(-2\left(x-\dfrac{3}{4}\right)^2\le0\) với mọi x

\(\Rightarrow-2\left(x-\dfrac{3}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{17}{8}\le\dfrac{17}{8}\)

\(\Rightarrow Dmax=\dfrac{17}{8}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{4}\)

\(E=-25x^2-10x+7\)

\(E=-\left(25x^2+10x-7\right)\)

\(E=-\left[\left(5x\right)^2+2.5x+1-8\right]\)

\(E=-\left(5x+1\right)^2+8\)

\(-\left(5x+1\right)^2\le0\) với mọi x

\(\Rightarrow-\left(5x+1\right)^2+8\le8\)

\(\Rightarrow Emax=8\Leftrightarrow5x+1=0\Rightarrow x=-\dfrac{1}{5}\)

Bài 2:

\(A=9x^2+6x+4\)

\(A=\left(3x\right)^2+2.3x+1+3\)

\(A=\left(3x+1\right)^2+3\)

\(\left(3x+1\right)^2\ge0\) với mọi x

\(\Rightarrow\left(3x+1\right)^2+3\ge3\)

\(\Rightarrow Amin=3\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{1}{3}\)

\(B=4x^2+4x+12\)

\(B=\left(2x\right)^2+2.2x+1+11\)

\(B=\left(2x+1\right)^2+11\)

\(\left(2x+1\right)^2\ge0\) với mọi x

\(\Rightarrow\left(2x+1\right)^2+11\ge11\)

\(\Rightarrow Bmin=11\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(C=x^2+x+3\)

\(C=x^2+2x.\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{4}+3\)

\(C=\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{11}{4}\)

\(\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\) với mọi x

\(\Rightarrow\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{11}{4}\ge\dfrac{11}{4}\)

\(\Rightarrow Cmin=\dfrac{11}{4}\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(D=2x^2+3x+1\)

\(D=2\left(x^2+\dfrac{3}{2}x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\)

\(D=2\left(x^2+2.x.\dfrac{3}{4}+\dfrac{9}{16}-\dfrac{9}{16}+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\)

\(D=2\left(x+\dfrac{3}{4}\right)^2-\dfrac{1}{8}\)

\(2\left(x+\dfrac{3}{4}\right)^2\ge0\) với mọi x

\(\Rightarrow2\left(x+\dfrac{3}{4}\right)^2-\dfrac{1}{8}\ge-\dfrac{1}{8}\)

\(\Rightarrow Dmin=-\dfrac{1}{8}\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{3}{4}\)

\(E=64x^2+16x+3\)

\(E=\left(8x\right)^2+2.8x+1+2\)

\(E=\left(8x+1\right)^2+2\)

\(\left(8x+1\right)^2\ge0\) với mọi x

\(\Rightarrow\left(8x+1\right)^2+2\ge2\)

\(\Rightarrow Emin=2\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{1}{8}\)

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