Chương 3: PHƯƠNG TRÌNH, HỆ PHƯƠNG TRÌNH

ĐKXĐ: ...

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{2x+y}=a\ge0\\\sqrt{y}=b\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\) thì pt đầu trở thành:

\(\dfrac{a^2-b^2}{2}-4b^2+3b=a\Leftrightarrow a^2-9b^2+6b=2a\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-3b\right)\left(a+3b\right)-2\left(a-3b\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-3b\right)\left(a+3b-2\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=3b\\a=2-3b\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow...\)

\(x^3-7x^2y+16xy^2-12y^3=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3y\right)\left(x-2y\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2y\\x=3y\end{matrix}\right.\)

Thế xuống pt dưới giải đơn giản

ĐKXĐ: \(-1\le x\le3\)

\(x^3+x+6=2\left(x+1\right)\sqrt{3+2x-x^2}\le\left(x+1\right)^2+3+2x-x^2\)

\(\Rightarrow x^3+x+6\le4x+4\)

\(\Rightarrow x^3-3x+2\le0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2\left(x+2\right)\le0\)

Do \(x\ge-1\) nên (1) thỏa mãn khi và chỉ khi \(\left(x-1\right)^2\left(x+2\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=1\)

\(\Delta=\left(m+1\right)^2-4\left(m^2-2m+2\right)=-3m^2+10m-7\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrow1\le m\le\dfrac{7}{3}\)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_1+x_2=m+1\\x_1x_2=m^2-2m+2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(P=\left(x_1+x_2\right)^2-2x_1x_2\)

\(=\left(m+1\right)^2-2\left(m^2-2m+2\right)\)

\(=-m^2+6m-3\)

\(=\left(-m^2+6m-\dfrac{77}{9}\right)+\dfrac{50}{9}\)

\(=\left(\dfrac{11}{3}-m\right)\left(m-\dfrac{7}{3}\right)+\dfrac{50}{9}\le\dfrac{50}{9}\)

\(P_{max}=\dfrac{50}{9}\) khi \(m=\dfrac{7}{3}\)

Hình như đề thiếu, pt: \(x^2-\left(m+1\right)x+m-2=0\)

Phương trình đã cho có nghiệm khi \(\Delta=\left(m+1\right)^2-4\left(m-2\right)=m^2-2m+9>0\)

\(\Rightarrow\) Phương trình đã cho luôn có hai nghiệm phân biệt với mọi giá trị m

Định lí Viet: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_1+x_2=m+1\\x_1x_2=m-2\end{matrix}\right.\)

a, Theo giả thiết ta có: \(x_1^2+x_2^2=100\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x_1+x_2\right)^2-2x_1x_2=100\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(m+1\right)^2-2\left(m-2\right)=100\)

\(\Leftrightarrow m^2+2m+1-2m+4=100\)

\(\Leftrightarrow m^2=95\)

\(\Leftrightarrow m=\sqrt{95}\)

b, \(P=\left|x_1-x_2\right|\)

\(P^2=\left(x_1-x_2\right)^2=\left(x_1+x_2\right)^2-4x_1x_2\)

\(=\left(m+1\right)^2-4\left(m-2\right)\)

\(=m^2-2m+9=\left(m-1\right)^2+8\ge8\)

\(\Rightarrow P=\left|x_1-x_2\right|\ge2\sqrt{2}\)

\(minP=2\sqrt{2}\Leftrightarrow m=1\)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^3-x^2y-2xy+2y^2=0\\2+\sqrt[3]{y^3-14}=x-2\sqrt{x^2-2y-1}\end{matrix}\right.\) điều kiện \(\left(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y^3>14\\x^2>2y+1\end{matrix}\right.\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2\left(x-y\right)-2y\left(x-y\right)=0\\2+\sqrt[3]{y^3-14}=x-2\sqrt{x^2-2y-1}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2-2y\right)=0\\2+\sqrt[3]{y^3-14}=x-2\sqrt{x^2-2y-1}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=y\\2+\sqrt[3]{y^3-14}=x-2\sqrt{x^2-2y-1}\end{matrix}\right.\) vì( \(x^2-2y-1>0\) nên \(x^2-2y\ne0\))

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=y\\2+\sqrt[3]{x^3-14}=x-2\sqrt{x^2-2x-1}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt[3]{x^3-14}=x-2-2\sqrt{x^2-2x-1}\)

vì \(\sqrt{x^2-2x-1}\ge0\forall x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-2\sqrt{x^2-2x-1}\le0\forall x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x-2-2\sqrt{x^2-2x-1}\le x-2\forall x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt[3]{x^3-14}\le x-2\forall x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^3-14\le x^3-6x^2+12x-8\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-6x^2+12x+6\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2x-1\le0\)

dấu = xảy ra khi \(x^2-2x-1=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=y=1+\sqrt{2}\\x=y=1-\sqrt{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge2m\\x-2m=2x+m\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\le2m\\2m-x=2x+m\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge2m\\x=-3m\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\le2m\\x=\dfrac{m}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\) 

Vậy:

- Với \(m=0\) pt có nghiệm \(x=0\)

- Với \(m>0\) pt có nghiệm \(x=\dfrac{m}{3}\)

- Với \(m< 0\) pt có nghiệm \(x=-3m\)